Protein Biosynthesis

1 Introduction.- 1.1 The problem.- 1.2 Overall steps in protein biosynthesis.- 2 The molecules involved in protein biosynthesis.- 2.1 Messenger RNA.- 2.1.1 Discovery and isolation.- 2.1.2 Assay of mRNA.- 2.1.3 Structure.- 2.2 Ribosomes.- 2.2.1 Introduction.- 2.2.2 Partial reactions occurring on ribosomes.- 2.2.3 Structure and function.- 2.2.4 Biosynthesis.- 2.3 Transfer RNA.- 2.3.1 Discovery and properties.- 2.3.2 Reactions of tRNA.- 2.3.3 Purification and primary sequence of tRNA.- 2.3.4 Tertiary structure of tRNA.- 2.3.5 Structure and function of tRNA.- 2.3.6 Mutant tRNAs.- 2.4 Initiator tRNA.- 2.5 Amino-acyl-tRNA synthetases.- 2.6 Elongation factors.- 2.6.1 Elongation factors T and I.- 2.6.2 Elongation factors G and II.- 2.7 Peptidyl transferase.- 2.8 Initiation factors.- 2.9 Termination factors.- References.- 3 The mechanism of protein biosynthesis and its control.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 mRNA metabolism.- 3.3 Initiation complex formation.- 3.3.1 Binding of initiator tRNA.- 3.3.2 Binding of messenger RNA.- 3.4 Elongation.- 3.5 Termination of protein biosynthesis and post-translational modification.- 3.6 RNA phage protein synthesis.- References.