Major Challenges Facing Higher Education in the Arab World: Quality Assurance and Relevance: Quality

1.Introduction.- 2. Quality Assurance and Relevance in Academia: A Review.- 3.Indicators of Institutional and Program Ranking of Universities in the Arab World.- 4. Reform of Higher Education in the Arab World. John Waterbury.- 5.Is there More to Quality Assurance than Quality? .- 6.Transnational Educational Networks of Excellence based on Quality, Accreditation, and Recognition Management.- 7. Quality Assurance in the Arab Region in the Era of Customization: Where do we Stand in terms of Relevance?.- 8.The Importance of Safeguarding Functional Independence in External      Quality-Assurance Decision-Making Activities.- 9. Graduate Education for the 21st Century University: Ensuring Quality through Relevance.- 10.Industry-driven Research in the Arab World: A Way Forward.- 11. Quality Assurance for Sustainable Development: Toward the Revision of the Arab Convention on Recognition of HED Diplomas and Certificates.- 12. The Diploma Supplement as a Tool for Quality Assurance and Relevance.- 13. Digital Transformation and Quality, Efficiency, and Flexibility in Arab Universities.- 14. On the Quality Assurance of Faculty Members.- 15. Quality Assurance for Competence-Based Higher Education: Context of Jordan.- 16.Bibliometric Analysis of Research Output in the Faculty of Medicine at the American University of Beirut: Correlation with Medical Schools in the USA.- 17. Introducing Quality Assurance in Algerian Higher Education: the Case of the University of Science and Technology Houari Boumediene.- 18. Quality Assurance Agencies in the Maghreb Countries: Challenges and Opportunities.- 19.Unified National Medical Assessment: An Approach towards Meeting the Needs of Population during Syrian Crisis. - 20. Higher Education Relevance in Post-War Syria.