A Companion to Bioethics

List of Contributors xiAcknowledgments xiiiPart I Introduction 11 What Is Bioethics? A Historical Introduction 3Helga Kuhse and Peter SingerPart II Questions About Bioethics 132 Ethical Theory and Bioethics 15James Rachels3 Culture and Bioethics 24Segun Gbadegesin4 Gender and Bioethics 36Jan Crosthwaite5 Religion and Bioethics 46Eric Gregory6 Law and Bioethics 56Wibren van der BurgPart III Ethical Approaches 657 A Principle-based Approach 67James F. Childress8 Exceptionless Rule Approaches 77Joseph Boyle9 A Utilitarian Approach 85R. M. Hare10 A Virtue Ethics Approach 91Justin Oakley11 A Care Approach 105Rita C. Manning12 A Case Approach 117John D. ArrasPart IV Before Birth: Issues Involving Embryos and Fetuses 12713 Personhood 129Michael Tooley14 Abortion 140Mary Anne Warren15 Mother-Fetus Conflict 149Bonnie SteinbockPart V Issues In Reproduction 16116 Population 163Margaret Pabst Battin17 Assisted Reproduction, Prenatal Testing, and Sex Selection 178Laura M. Purdy18 Cloning 193Gregory PencePart VI The New Genetics 20519 Gene Therapy 207Ruth Chadwick20 Genetic Enhancement 216Julian Savulescu21 Creating and Patenting New Life Forms 235Nils Holtug22 Genetic Counseling, Testing, and Screening 245Angus ClarkePart VII Life and Death Issues 26123 Medical Decisions at the End of Life 263Dan W. Brock24 Severely Disabled Newborns 274Eike-Henner W. Kluge25 Death, Brain Death, and Persistent Vegetative State 286Jeff McMahan26 Advance Directives 299Alexander Morgan Capron27 Voluntary Euthanasia, Suicide, and Physician-assisted Suicide 312Brian Stoffell28 The Slippery Slope Argument 321Govert den HartoghPart VIII Resource Allocation 33329 Deciding Between Patients 335John Harris30 Society's Allocation of Resources for Health 351Daniel Wikler and Sarah Marchand31 Is There a Right to Health Care and, If So, What Does It Encompass? 362Norman DanielsPart IX Organ Donations 37332 A World of Transferable Parts 375Janet Radcliffe RichardsPart X Global Health-care Issues 39133 Global Health Responsibilities 393Christopher Lowry and Udo Schüklenk34 Developing World Challenges 404Udo Schüklenk, Michael Kottow, and Peter A. Sy35 Global Pharmaceutical Markets 417Kevin Outterson and Donald W. Light36 Infectious Disease 430Michael J. Selgelid37 AIDS as a Global Health Emergency 441Udo SchüklenkPart XI Experimentation With Humans and Animals 45538 Research Involving Human Beings 457Florencia Luna and Ruth Macklin39 Regulating Experimentation in Research and Medical Practice 469Paul Ulhas Macneill40 Research Using Preimplantation Human Embryos 487Mary Warnock and Peter Braude41 The Moral Status of Animals and Their Use As Experimental Subjects 495Bernard E. RollinPART XII Ethical Issues in the Practice of Health Care 51142 Confidentiality 513Raanan Gillon and Daniel K. Sokol43 Truth-telling 520Roger Higgs44 Informed Consent and Patient Autonomy 530Robert Young45 Patients Doubtfully Capable or Incapable of Consent 541Carl Elliott46 Ethics in Nursing Practice 551Janet L. Storch47 Global Trends in Nursing Ethics 563Verena TschudinPart XIII The Teaching and Practice of Bioethics 57148 Ethics Committees and Ethics Consultants 573Jonathan D. Moreno49 Teaching Ethics in the Health Professions 584Lynn GillamIndex 594