Functional Analytic Psychotherapy: Creating Intense and Curative Therapeutic Relationships

1Introduction.- Philosophical Tenets of Radical Behaviorism.- Contextual Nature of Knowledge and Reality.- Nonmentalistic View of Behavior: The Focus on Environmental Variables That Control Behavior.- Focal Interest in Verbal Behavior Controlled by Directly Observed Events.- Theoretical Underpinnings of FAP.- Reinforcement.- Specification of Clinically Relevant Behavior.- Arranging for Generalization.- 2Clinical Application of Functional Analytic Psychotherapy.- Client Problems and Clinically Relevant Behaviors.- CRB1: Client Problems That Occur in Session.- CRB2: Client Improvements That Occur in Session.- CRB3: Client Interpretations of Behavior.- Assessment.- Therapeutic Technique-The Five Rules.- Rule 1: Watch for CRBs.- Rule 2: Evoke CRBs.- Rule 3: Reinforce CRB2s.- Rule 4: Observe the Potentially Reinforcing Effects of Therapist Behavior in Relation to Client CRBs.- Rule 5: Give Interpretations of Variables That Affect Client Behavior.- Case Illustration.- 3Supplementation: Enhancing Therapist Awareness of Clinically Relevant Behavior.- Classification of Verbal Behavior.- The FAP Client Response Classification System.- Classification and the Observation of Clinically Relevant Behavior.- Examples of Classifications of Client Responses.- Therapeutic Situations That Frequently Evoke Clinically Relevant Behavior.- 4The Role of Emotions and Memories in Behavior Change.- Emotions.- Learning the Meanings of Feelings.- Feelings as Causes of Behavior.- Expressing Feelings.- Avoiding Feelings.- Degree of Contact with Controlling Variables.- Memories.- Clinical Implications.- Offer a Behavioral Rationale for Getting in Touch with Feelings.- Increase Private Control of Feelings.- Increase Therapist Expression of Feelings.- Enhance Client Contact with Controlling Variables.- Case Illustration.- 5Cognitions and Beliefs.- Cognitive Therapy.- Problems with Cognitive Therapy and the ABC Paradigm.- Revised Formulation of Cognitive Therapy.- The FAP Revision of A ? B ? C.- Contingency-Shaped Behavior.- Tacts and Mands: Two Types of Verbal Behavior.- Rule-Governed Behavior.- Cognitive Structures and Contingency-Shaped Behavior.- Clinical Implications of the FAP View of Beliefs.- Focus on Thinking in the Here and Now.- Take into Account the Varying Role That Thoughts Can Play.- Offer Relevant Explanations of Client Problems.- Use Direct Cognitive Manipulation with Caution.- Case Illustration.- 6The Self.- Common Definitions of the Self.- A Behavioral Formulation of Self.- Basic Concepts.- The Emergence of "I" as a Small Functional Unit.- Qualities of the "I".- Maladaptive Development of the Self Experience.- Less Severe Disturbances of the Self.- Severe Disturbances of the Self.- Clinical Implications.- Reinforce Talking in the Absence of Specific External Cues.- Match Therapeutic Tasks to the Level of Private Control in the Client's Repertoire.- Reinforce as Many Client "I X" Statements as Possible.- 7Functional Analytic Psychotherapy: A Bridge between Psychoanalysis and Behavior Therapy.- FAP in Contrast with Psychodynamic Approaches.- Transference.- The Therapeutic Alliance.- Object Relations.- FAP in Contrast with Current Behavior Therapies.- FAP: A Unique Niche between Psychoanalysis and Behavior Therapy.- 8Reflections on Ethical, Supervisory, Research, and; Cultural Issues.- Ethical Issues.- Proceed Cautiously.- Avoid Sexual Exploitation.- Guard against the Continuation of a Nonbeneficial Treatment.- Be Aware of Prejudicial and Oppressive Values.- Avoid Emotional Tyranny.- FAP Supervision.- Research and Evaluation.- Pitfalls of Traditional Research Paradigms.- Alternative Methods of Data Collection that Influence Clinical Practice.- Cultural Problems Due to Loss of Contact.- Conclusion.- References.