Sports Violence

1. Introduction.- Definitions.- Interpretations.- Solutions.- 2. Roman Sports Violence.- Sports Violence.- Spectator Violence.- Conclusion.- 3. Unsporting Behavior: The Control of Football and Horse-Racing Crowds in England, 1875-1914.- Types of Crowd Disorder.- Crowd-Control Measures.- Some Limits of Crowd Control.- 4. What Is Sports Violence? A Sociolegal Perspective.- A Typology of Sports Violence.- Conclusion.- 5. Athletic Aggression: A Moral Concern.- The Ambiguity of Violence.- The Valuing of Violence.- The Psychological Nature of Morality.- The Psychological Nature of Aggression.- Athletic Aggression as a Social-Conventional Issue.- Moral Reasoning and Aggressive Behavior.- Conclusions.- 6. Perceived Injustice and Sports Violence.- Some Examples of Justice-Based Sports Violence.- Overview.- Definition of Perceived Injustice.- Previous Claims About Justice and Sports Violence.- Other Causes of Sports Violence.- Perceived Injustices in Sports: A Typology and Some Recommendations.- What Society Can Learn from Sports.- Are Sports Special?.- Conclusion.- 7. Aggressive Behavior of Soccer Players as Social Interaction.- Soccer as a Field for Studying Aggressive Interaction.- Aggressive Behavior as Social Interaction.- Aggressive Interaction and Its Evaluation in Professional Soccer: Two Case Studies.- The Referee's Power of Interpretation.- Conclusions.- 8. Social Bonding and Violence in Sport: A Theoretical-Empirical Analysis.- Towards a Typology of Human Violence.- Sports and Violence in Developmental Perspective.- Violence and the Transformation of Social Bonds.- Segmental Bonding and the Sociogenesis of Affective Violence.- 9. Sports, Conflict, and Conflict Resolution: Problems of Substance and Methodology.- Factual Accounts and Theoretical Explanations-A Short Review.- A Structural Interpretation of the Sports Contest.- Some Methodological Observations and Structural Theory.- Conclusion: Instead of a Comprehensive Theory.- Some Praxeological Advances for Sports Policy.- Summary.- 10. Psychological Issues in Sports Aggression.- Valves, Vents, and Drains: The Catharsis Hypothesis.- Outcome.- Conclusions.- 11. Olympic Games Participation and Warfare.- A Test of the Hypotheses.- Conclusions.- 12. Sports Violence and the Media.- The Presence and Nature of Sports Violence.- Does Aggression Increase Spectators' Enjoyment of Sports?.- Media Exploitation of Sports Violence.- Where Will It All End?.- Author Index.