Brain Organization of Language and Cognitive Processes

I: Theoretical and Technical Approaches.- 1 Microgenesis: Historical Review and Current Studies.- Early Studies.- Perceptgenesis.- Clinical Applications.- Experimental Studies.- Conclusion.- References.- 2 Fractionation of Spatial Cognition following Focal and Diffuse Brain Damage.- Historical Perspective.- Visual Attention.- Parts and Wholes.- Studies of Visuospatial Processing Using Hierarchical Stimuli.- Frequency and Severity of Visuospatial Deficits.- Intrahemispheric Dissociations in Visuospatial Processing.- Toward an Integration of Intra- and Interhemispheric Dissociations in Visuospatial Processing.- Fractionation of Spatial Cognition in Diffuse Brain Pathology.- Conclusion.- References.- 3 Anatomical and Physiological Correlations and Neuroimaging Techniques in Language Disorders.- Autopsy Location.- Localization through Head Injuries.- Surgical Localization.- Cortical Stimulation.- Electroencephalography and Evoked Potentials.- Isotope Localization of Lesions.- Computerized Tomographic (CT) Lesion Localization.- Cerebral Blood Flow (CBF) Localization.- Positron Emission Tomography (PET).- Single-Photon Computerized Tomography (SPECT).- Magnetic Resonance Imager (MRI).- Discussion and Conclusion.- References.- 4 ERPs and Advances in Neurolinguistics.- Overview of ERP Methodology.- ERP versus Reaction Time.- ERPs and Some Research Issues in Neurolinguistics.- Lexical Semantics.- Semantics versus Syntax.- Reading in Normals.- Development of Reading Skills.- Language Development.- Second-Language Acquisition.- Issues in Clinical Neurolinguistics.- Summary.- References.- II: Development and Dissolution of Language.- 5 Disorders in Language Acquisition and Cerebral Maturation: A Neurophysiological Perspective.- Organic and Functional Syndromes.- Basic Embryologic Considerations.- Analyzers and Stereotypes.- Normal Language Organization: Physiologic Stable States.- Abnormal Language Organization: Pathologic Stable States.- Kinesthetic Motor Verbal Analyzer.- Verbal Analyzer.- Conclusions.- References.- 6 Speech and Language Alterations in Dementia Syndromes.- Methodology.- Assessment.- Participants.- Results.- Normal Control Subjects.- Dementia of the Alzheimer Type.- Parkinson's Disease.- Multi-Infarct Dementia.- Discussion.- Conclusions.- References.- III: Oral and Written Language Disorders.- 7 Mechanisms Underlying Aphasic Transformations.- The Garrett Model.- The Augmentations of the Garrett Model.- Lexical Substitutions.- Lexical Blends.- Phonemic Substitution.- Phonemic Transposition.- Constraints on Errors Conditioned by Representative/Computational Knowledge.- Summary.- References.- 8 Alexia and Agraphia in Spanish Speakers: CAT Correlations and Interlinguistic Analysis.- Method.- Subjects.- Procedure.- Instrument.- Results.- Population with Cerebral Damage and Normal Population.- Patients with Right-Hemisphere Lesions and Patients with Left-Hemisphere Lesions.- Intrahemispheric Comparisons.- Quantification of the Type of Errors.- Scores on the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure.- Superimposition of Scans.- Discussion.- Patients with Right and Left Lesions.- Intrahemispheric Comparisons.- Topography of the Clinical Findings.- An Interlinguistic Consideration.- References.- 9 Semantic Aphasia Reconsidered.- Case Reports.- Patient 1.- Patient 2.- Testing Procedure.- Results.- Discussion.- References.- IV: Basal Ganglia and Cognitive Activity.- 10 Cognitive Effects of Adrenal Autografting in Parkinson's Disease.- Pathology and Pathogenesis.- Treatment.- Neurosurgical Treatment.- Pharmacological Treatment.- Tissue Transplants.- Adrenal Medullary Grafts in PD Patients.- Surgical Technique.- Neuropsychological Findings.- General Considerations.- References.- 11 The Striatum as a Temporary Memory Store.- Involvement of the Neostriatum in Memory.- The Overtraining Effect.- Conclusions.- References.- V: Recovery from Brain Damage.- 12 Development and Plasticity in the Central Nervous System: Organismic and Environmental Inf