Handbook of Behavioral Teratology

I General Principles and Issues.- 1 · Origins of Behavioral Teratology.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Emergence of Behavioral Teratology.- 3. Reemergence of Behavioral Teratology.- 4. Behavioral Teratology and Behavioral Toxicology.- 5. The Prenatal/Postnatal Dichotomy.- 6. Dual Influence of Regulations and the Fetal Alcohol Syndrome.- 6.1. Influence of Government Regulations.- 6.2. Influence of Discovery of the Fetal Alcohol Syndrome.- 7. Collaborative Project on Behavioral Teratology Methods.- 8. Other Influences.- 9. Scope of the Problem, or Who Cares Anyway?.- 10. Concluding Remarks.- 11. References.- 2 · Principles of Behavioral Teratology.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Wilson's Principles of Teratology.- 2.1. Principle of Genetic and Environmental Determination.- 2.2. Principle of Critical Periods.- 2.3. Principle of Specific Mechanisms.- 2.4. Principle of Teratogenic Response.- 2.5. Principle of Target Access.- 2.6. Principle of Dose-Response Relationships.- 3. Principles of Behavioral Teratology.- 3.1. Principle of Genetic Determination.- 3.2. Principle of Critical Periods.- 3.3. Principle of Specific Mechanisms.- 3.4. Principle of Behavioral Teratogenic Response.- 3.5. Principle of Target Access.- 3.6. Principle of Dose-Response Relationships.- 3.7. Principle of Environmental Determination.- 3.8. Principle of Types of Behavioral Teratogens.- 3.9. Principle of Response Relationships.- 3.10. Principle of Maximum Susceptibility.- 3.11. Principle of Limits of Behavioral Teratogenic Susceptibility.- 3.12. Principle of Preconceptional and Transgenerational Effects.- 4. Behavioral versus Physical Teratogenesis.- 5. Concluding Remarks.- 6. References.- 3 · Comparison and Critique of Government Relations for Behavioral Teratology.- 1. Introduction.- 1.1. The Mandate.- 1.2. A Comparison.- 1.3. Logic or Fallacy?.- 2. Description and Critique of Regulations in Japan.- 3. Description and Critique of Regulations in Great Britain.- 4. Description and Critique of Regulations in France and Italy.- 5. Regulations of the European Economic Community.- 6. Summary of the Critique of Existing Guidelines.- 7. Description and Critique of Regulations in the United States.- 7.1. Overview.- 7.2. Food and Drug Administration Guidelines.- 7.3. Environmental Protection Agency Guidelines.- 8. Conclusions.- 9. References.- 4 · Methods in Behavioral Teratology.- 1. Introduction.- 2. General Experimental Design: Considerations for Increasing the Sensitivity of the Experiment.- 2.1. Procedures for the Reduction of Error Variance.- 2.2. Determination of the Appropriate Sample Size for Postnatal Testing.- 2.3. The Use of a Replicate Design.- 3. Guidelines for the Selection of Methods.- 3.1. When Human Behavioral Teratology Data Are Available.- 3.2. When Neurochemical, Neuroanatomical, or Animal Behavioral Data Are Available.- 3.3. When Information Is Not Available.- 4. Glossary of Methods That Are Frequently Used in Behavioral Teratology Studies.- 4.1. Measures of Learning Abilities.- 4.2. Measures of Sensory Function.- 4.3. Measures of Activity.- 4.4. Measures of Pharmacological Responsiveness.- 4.5. Measures of Neuromotor Abilities.- 5. Interpretation of Results.- 6. References.- II Drugs.- 5 · Behavioral Teratology of Alcohol.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Procedural Considerations.- 3. Behavioral Effects of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure.- 3.1. Suckling Behavior.- 3.2. Developmental Indices.- 3.3. Activity and Exploration.- 3.4. Learning.- 3.5. Sexually Dimorphic Behaviors.- 3.6. Aggression.- 3.7. Ethanol Preference, Sensitivity, and Tolerance.- 3.8. Reactivity and Seizure Susceptibility.- 4. Psychopharmacological Aspects of Behavioral Dysfunctions.- 5. Organizing Theories and Mechanisms.- 6. Summary.- 7. References.- 6 · Neurobehavioral Effects in Human and Animal Offspring following Prenatal Exposure to Methadone.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Neurobehavioral Effects in Infants and Children.- 2.1. Neonatal Sleep Studies.- 2.2. The Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome.- 2.3. Abstinence Me