Conscious Mind, Sleeping Brain: Perspectives on Lucid Dreaming

1 Introduction.- I. Historical and Cultural Perspectives on Lucid Dreaming.- 2 Lucid Dreaming in Western Literature.- 3 Lucid Dreams in Tibetan Buddhism.- The Six Topics of N?rop?.- The Teaching on Lucid Dreams.- Dream Meditation.- Distinguishing Metaphysics from Phenomena.- 4 Lucidity, Sex, and Horror in Senoi Dreamwork.- Aims of This Section.- Gender and Dreams.- Are Senoi Women Oppressed?.- Senoi Notions of Sex and Gender.- Senoi Categories of Altered States of Consciousness.- Dreams.- Familiars.- Gender and Sacred Fluids.- Creative Blood.- Spiritual Powers.- Great Adepts: Lucidity and Transformation.- Summary and Conclusions.- Who Needs Trance?.- Conclusion.- References.- II. Empirical Approaches to the Study of Lucid Dreaming.- 5 From Spontaneous Event to Lucidity: A Review of Attempts to Consciously Control Nocturnal Dreaming.- Methodological Considerations.- Demand Characteristics.- General Situational Effects.- Day Residue.- The Subject's Internal Processes.- The Addition of an Altered State Procedure.- State Changes Resulting from Sleep.- Inquiry Variables.- Analysis Variables.- Controlling Dream Content by Implicit Suggestion.- Overt Presleep Suggestion Studies.- Posthypnotic Control of Dream Content.- Lucid Dreaming.- Why is Dream Control Important?.- Conclusions.- References.- 6 Lucid Dream Induction: An Empirical Evaluation.- Theoretical Framework.- Duality of Thought.- Relationship between the Dual Thought Processes.- Duality of Lucid Dreaming.- Conditions Associated with Lucid Dream Onset.- Presleep and Pre-REM Conditions.- Electrophysiological Variables.- Dream Phenomenology.- Discussion: Lucid Dream Onset.- Lucid-Awareness Training.- Personal Accounts.- Alpha Feedback Training.- Waking Fantasy Training.- Discussion: Lucid-Awareness.- Intention and Suggestion Techniques.- Action-Specific Intention.- Mnemonic Induction of Lucid Dreams (MILD).- Posthypnotic Suggestion (PHS).- Discussion: Intention and Suggestion.- Cue "REM-Minding" Techniques.- Tactile Cues.- Auditory Cues.- Discussion: Cue "REM-Minding".- Additional Techniques.- Combined Techniques.- Hypnagogic Lucidity Techniques.- Conclusion.- References.- 7 The Psychophysiology of Lucid Dreaming.- Lucid Dreaming Physiologically Verified.- Physiological Correlates of the Initiation of Lucid Dreams.- The Temporal Distribution of Lucid Dreams.- EEG Activity during REM Lucid Dreams.- NREM Lucid Dreams.- Psychophysiological Relationships during REM Sleep.- References.- 8 Correspondence during Lucid Dreams between Dreamed and Actual Events.- Methods.- Results.- Eye-Movement Signals and Hand Movements.- Scanning Movements.- Body Movements.- Digit Movements.- Memory and Mentation.- Speech.- Conclusions.- "Volitional" Actions in Lucid Dreams.- Sensations in Lucid Dreams.- Consciousness in Lucid Dreams.- References.- 9 Psychological Content of Lucid versus Nonlucid Dreams.- Self-Evaluations of Content.- Sensations and Perceptions.- Cognitions.- Emotions.- Summary of Self-Evaluations of Content.- Judges' Evaluations of Content.- Methodological Considerations.- Samples.- Instrument.- Procedure.- Results.- Students.- Sample Comparisons.- Discussion.- Conclusions.- References.- 10 Individual Differences Associated with Lucid Dreaming.- Methodology.- Lucid Dreaming Incidence.- Oculomotor/Equilibratory Differences.- Conclusions.- Visual/Imaginal Differences.- Spontaneous Waking Imagery.- Induced Waking Imagery.- Conclusions.- Intellectual/Creative Differences.- Personal/Interpersonal Differences.- Demographic Differences.- Personality Differences.- In Review.- References.- III. Personal Accounts and Clinical Applications.- 11 A Model for Lucidity Training as a Means of Self-Healing and Psychological Growth.- Retrospective View of My Own Work with Lucid Dreams.- Basic Theoretical Principles.- Empirical Research Surveyed.- Phenomenological Experiments on Interactions with Dream Figures.- Problem.- Method.- Results and Conclusion.- Empirical Investigation of a Self-Healing