The Foundations of Ethology

Introductory History.- One Methodology.- I Thinking in Biological Terms.- II The Methodology of Biology and Particularly of Ethology.- III The Fallacies of Non-System-Oriented Methods.- IV The Comparative Method.- Two Genetically Programmed Behavior.- I The Centrally Coordinated Movement or Fixed Motor Pattern.- II Afferent Processes.- III The Problem of the "Stimulus".- IV The Behavior Mechanisms Already Described Built into Complex Systems.- V How Unitary Is "An Instinct"?.- VI Mechanisms Exploiting Instant Information.- VII Multiple Motivation in Behavior.- Three Adaptive Modification of Behavior.- I Modification.- II Learning Without Association.- III Learning Through Association Without Feedback Reporting Success.- IV Learning Effected by the Consequences of Behavior.- V Motor Learning, Voluntary Movement, and Insight.- VI Exploratory Behavior or Curiosity.- Appendix Concerning Homo sapiens.- 1. Anthropologists' Allegations.- 2. On Analogies.- 3. The Difference of Homo sapiens.- 4. Conceptual Thought and Syntactic Language.- 5. Consequences.- 6. Cultural Ethology.- References.