Grassland Simulation Model

1. Objectives and Structure for a Grassland Simulation Model.- 1.1 Introduction.- 1.2 Objective.- 1.3 Model Construction.- 1.4 Pawnee Site and Data.- 1.5 The Model.- 1.6 The Structure of ELM.- 1.7 Question Reviewed.- 1.8 Additional Trials.- 1.9 Conclusion.- References.- Appendix 1.A. SIMCOMP 3.0.- 1.A.1 Minimum Specification of a Dynamic System.- 1.A.2 Other Features.- 1.A.3 The Lotka-Volterra Example: SIMCOMP 3.0 Deck and Model Run.- References.- 2. Abiotic Section of ELM.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 Model Development.- 2.3 Validation of the Model.- 2.4 Verification of the Weather Simulator.- References.- 3. A Simulation Model for Grassland Primary Producer Phenology and Biomass Dynamics.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Literature Review.- 3.3 Phenology Submodel.- 3.4 Carbon Submodel.- 3.5 Conclusions.- References.- 4. A Mammalian Consumer Model for Grasslands.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Model Development and Overview.- 4.3 Biological Components.- 4.4 Results and Discussion.- 4.5 General Discussion.- References.- 5. Simulation of Grasshopper Populations in a Grassland Ecosystem.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 Model Overview.- 5.3 Life-cycle Dynamics.- 5.4 Interactions.- 5.5 Results and Discussion.- References.- 6. A Simulation Model for Decomposition in Grasslands.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 The Problem of Heterogeneous Substrates.- 6.3 Decomposition under Variable Conditions.- 6.4 Physical Transfers.- 6.5 Decomposer Biomass.- 6.6 Tuning the Model.- 6.7 Model Performance.- 6.8 Discussion.- References.- 7. A Grassland Nitrogen-flow Simulation Model.- 7.1 Introduction.- 7.2 Model Structure.- 7.3 Model Output.- 7.4 Discussion.- References.- 8. Simulation of Phosphorus Cycling in Semiarid Grasslands.- 8.1 Introduction.- 8.2 Review of Literature.- 8.3 Model Structure and Development.- 8.4 Soil Phosphorus Solubility and Plant Uptake.- 8.5 Plant Translocation and Utilization of Phosphorus.- 8.6 Decomposer Uptake and Turnover of Phosphorus.- 8.7 Mineralization of Organic Phosphorus.- 8.8 Model Simulation Results.- 8.9 Conclusions.- References.- 9. Sensitivity Analyses of the ELM Model.- 9.1 Introduction.- 9.2 Tomovi?'s Sensitivity Analysis.- 9.3 Parameter Perturbations.- 9.4 Discussion.- References.- 10. Critique and Analyses of the Grassland Ecosystem Model ELM.- 10.1 Introduction.- 10.2 Model Objectives.- 10.3 Analysis and Criticism of ELM in Relation to the Desired Goals of Modeling in the Grassland Biome Program.- References.- Author Index.