Biochemistry and Physiology of Plant Hormones

1 Introduction.- Fundamental Terms and Concepts.- Patterns and Kinetics of Growth in Cells, Tissues, Organs, and Whole Plants.- Mathematical Analyses of the Time Course of Growth.- Discontinuities in Growth, Growth Periodicities, and Problems of Relative Growth Rate.- Mechanisms Controlling Cellular Differentiation.- to Plant Hormones.- References.- 2 Auxins.- Brief History of Discovery.- Went's Avena Coleoptile Curvature Test.- Early Isolations of IAA.- Synthetic Auxins.- Controversy Surrounding the Use of Certain Chlorophenoxy Acids as Herbicides and Defoliants.- Natural Occurrence of Auxins.- Auxin Biosynthesis.- "Free" and "Bound" Auxin.- Destruction of IAA.- Auxin Transport.- Relationships between Auxin Content and Growth.- Correlative Differences in Auxin Relations between Etiolated and Light-Grown and Dwarf and Normal Plants.- Mechanism of Auxin Action.- References.- 3 Gibberellins.- Brief History of Discovery.- Chemical Characterization of GAs.- Natural Occurrence of GAs.- GA Biosynthesis in Seeds.- GA Biosynthesis in Systems Other Than Seeds.- Effects of Light on GA Biosynthesis.- Interconversions of GAs.- Role of GAs in Dwarfism.- Other Aspects of GA Metabolism.- Quantitative Changes in GA Content during Development.- Sites of GA Biosynthesis in Seed Plants.- Transport of GA.- Anatomical and Biophysical Basis of GA-Induced Growth.- Mechanism of Action of GA.- References.- 4 Cytokinins.- History of Discovery.- Terminology.- Isolation of Kinetin and the Search for Other Naturally Occurring Cytokinins.- Discovery of Natural Cytokinins.- Effects of Cytokinins and Other Hormones in Organisms Other Than Seed Plants.- Structure/Activity Relationships of the Cytokinins.- Biosynthesis and Metabolism.- Mechanisms of Origin in tRNA.- Metabolic Consequences of the Presence of Cytokinins in tRNA.- Hormonal Activity of Free Cytokinins.- Effects on Moss Protonemata.- Some Physiological Effects on Seed Plants.- Translocation.- References.- 5 Abscisic Acid and Related Compounds.- History of Discovery.- Chemical Characterization.- Biosynthesis and Other Features of Metabolism.- Natural Occurrence of ABA.- Physiological Effects.- State of Chromatin in Dormant Tissues and the Mechanism of Action of ABA.- References.- 6 Ethylene.- Historical Background.- Ethylene and Fruit Ripening.- Interaction between Auxin and Ethylene.- Inhibition of Root Growth and Role in Root Geotropism.- Role in Emergence of Dicot Seedlings.- Effects of Ethylene on Planes of Cell Expansion.- Other Effects of Ethylene.- Ethylene Biosynthesis and Mechanism of Action.- References.- 7 Phytochrome.- History of Discovery and Modern Description.- Occurrence, Distribution, and Intracellular Localization.- Induction-Reversion versus High Irradiance Responses.- Non-Phytochrome Mediated Photoresponses to Blue Light.- to Mechanism of Phytochrome Action.- Phytochrome Action in Nonphotoperiodic Photoresponses.- Phytochrome and Photoperiodic (Flowering) Responses.- References.