Forest Succession: Concepts and Application

1 Introduction.- 2 Concepts, Theory, and Models of Forest Succession.- Synthesis and Summarization.- 3 Succession and Ecological Theory.- Ecosystem Succession.- Ecosystem Evolution.- Reduction and Emergence.- Discussion and Questions.- 4 Some Causes of Variety in Patterns of Secondary Succession.- Spatial Pattern of Recruitment and Succession.- Succession as a Tree-by-Tree Replacement Process.- When Is Secondary Succession Convergent?.- Succession as the Differential Expression of Life Histories.- 5 Causality and Succession.- Background to the Model.- Verification.- Results of the Verification: Individual Tree Growth.- Implications for Analysis of Causality in Succession.- 6 The Role of Disturbance in the Gap Dynamics of a Montane Rain Forest: An Application of a Tropical Forest Succession Model.- Description of the FORICO Model.- Gap Dynamics and the Role of Disturbance.- Models and the Study of Forest Disturbance.- 7 Patterns and Dynamics of Forests: An Application of Simulation Models.- Model Description.- Model Testing.- Patterns of Compositional Dynamics Simulated by the Four Models.- Structural Similarities in Ecosystem Dynamics.- Compositional Dissimilarities in Ecosystem Dynamics.- Species Roles in Ecosystem Dynamics.- Conclusions.- 8 Long-Term Forest Dynamics.- Methods of Study.- Implications of Results.- Conclusions.- 9 Plant Succession and Soil Development in Coastal Sand Dunes of Subtropical Eastern Australia.- The Sand-Dune Systems of the Subtropical Coast.- Present and Past Climates.- Relationships between Soils, Nutrients, and Vegetation.- Long-Term Forest Succession.- 10 Quaternary History and the Stability of Forest Communities.- Pollen as a Record of Geographical Distribution of Trees.- Forest Communities at the Time of the Last Glacial Maximum.- Northward Migrations of Boreal Trees.- Migrations of Species from the Temperate Deciduous Forest.- Discussion.- 11 Simulating the Role of Climate Change and Species Immigration in Forest Succession.- Parameters for the Model.- Comparison of Model Results and the Pollen Record.- Vegetation Migration and Development.- Conclusions.- 12 Patterns of Succession in Different Forest Ecosystems.- Boreal Forest.- Coniferous Forest.- Tropical Forest.- Discussion.- Conclusions.- 13 Forest Succession in Relation to Nutrient Cycling in the Boreal Forest of Alaska.- Summary of Succession.- Floodplain Succession.- Upland White Spruce Succession.- Upland Black Spruce Succession.- Nutrient Cycling and Succession.- Conclusions.- 14 Aspects of Succession in the Coniferous Forests of the Pacific Northwest.- Regional Setting.- General Features of the Forests.- Scale in the Pacific Northwest.- Revised Concepts about Succession in Pseudotsuga Forests.- Role of Woody Debris in Forest Succession.- Long-Lived Seral Species in Succession Modeling.- Conclusions.- 15 Secondary Forest Succession on the North Carolina Piedmont.- Past Studies on the North Carolina Piedmont.- Population Biology of Pines.- Patterns of Hardwood Establishment.- Vegetation-Environment Relations.- Conclusions.- 16 Successional Studies of a Rain Forest in Mexico.- Regeneration in a Tropical Forest.- Cicatrization of the Rain Forest.- The Role of Pioneer Species in Regeneration.- Regeneration within the Rain Forest.- Conclusions.- 17 Process Studies in Succession.- Nutrient Cycling in Succession.- Disturbance Regimes.- Disturbance and Process Studies.- 18 Successional Processes: Comparisons among Biomes with Special Reference to Probable Roles of and Influences on Animals.- Justification of the Matrix Approach.- Comparison of Successional Processes in Various Biomes: Plants.- Animals and Succession: General.- Summary.- 19 Canopy-Understory Interaction and the Internal Dynamics of Mature Hardwood and Hemlock-Hardwood Forests.- Introduction: Stability and Perceptual Scale.- Canopy-Understory Interaction and the Microsite Mosaic.- Beech-Maple Reciprocal Replacement.- Interactions among Several Species: The Hemlock-Northern