Application of Basic Neuroscience to Child Psychiatry

'1. Introduction.- 2. Brain Imaging Studies of Autism.- 3. Regulation of Neuritic Extension.- 4. Transplantation and Cellular Replacement Therap.- References.- I. BASIC NEUROSCIENCE CONSIDERATIONS.- 1. Molecular Neurobiology and Disorders of Brain Development.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Mendelian Genetics.- 3. DNA, RNA, and Protein.- 4. DNA Cloning.- 5. Applications of Molecular Biology for Child Psychiatry.- 6. Conclusions.- References.- 2. Neurotransmitter Assessment in Neuropsychiatric Disorders of Childhood.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Review of Past Findings.- 3. Methodology.- 4. Future Directions.- 5. Conclusion.- References.- 3. Role of the GABA-Benzodiazepine Receptor Complex in Stress: In Vivo Approaches and Potential Relevance to Childhood Psychopathology.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Structural and Functional Considerations of the Benzodiazepine-GABA Receptor Complex.- 3. Genetic Strain Differences and Environmental Stress-Induced Alterations in the Benzodiazepine-GABA Receptor Complex.- 4. In Vivo Approach to the Measurement of Benzodiazepine Receptor Binding and Stress-Induced Alterations with Radiolabeled Rol5-1788.- 5. Conclusion.- References.- 4. Brain Recognition Sites for Methylphenidate and the Amphetamines: Their Relationship to the Dopamine Transport Complex, Glucoreceptors, and Serotonergic Neurotransmission in the Central Nervous System.- 1. Neuropharmacology of Stimulants.- 2. Stimulant Recognition Sites Associated with the Brain Dopamine Uptake Complex: Potential Probes of Presynaptic Dopaminergic Neurotransmission in Human Psychopathology.- 3. Stimulant Recognition Sites Associated with Brain Glucoreceptors and Neuronal (Na+, K+)-ATPase.- 4. Brain Recognition Sites for Stimulants That Influence Serotonergic Neurotransmission.- 5. Conclusion.- References.- 5. Neuropeptide Modulation of Development and Behavior: Implications for Psychopathology.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Organizational Endocrine/Peptide Influence.- 3. ?3-Endorphin and Birth.- 4. ?3-Endorphin and Birth Complications.- 5. Behavior of Animals Exposed Perinatally to ?3-Endorphin.- 6. Enduring Brain/Behavior Complications Related to Hypoxia.- 7. Patients with SIB Have Elevated Concentrations of ?3-Endorphin in CSF and Plasm.- 8. Treatment of SIB with Opiate Antagonists.- 9. Conclusion.- 10. Models Extending the Implications.- References.- 6. Drug Discrimination Studies in Animals: A Behavioral Approach to Understanding the Role of Neurotransmitter Receptor Complexes in Mediating Drug Effects.- 1. Animal Models in Behavioral Pharmacology.- 2. Animal Models of Depression.- 3. Drug Discrimination in Behavioral Pharmacology.- 4. The Drug Discrimination Procedure.- 5. Implications of Drug Discrimination.- 6. Exteroceptive versus Interoceptive Stimuli.- 7. Drug Discrimination with Conditioned Taste Aversions.- 8. PCP as a Discriminative Stimulus in Taste Aversions.- 9. Drug Discrimination with Naloxone.- References.- 7. The Platelet as a Peripheral Model of Serotonergic Function in Child Psychiatry.- 1. Introduction.- 2. [3H]Imipramine Binding Sites.- 3. [3H]Imipramine Binding in Affective Disorders.- 4. [3H]Imipramine Binding and Serotonin Uptake in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder.- 5. Platelet Imipramine Binding in Conduct Disorder.- 6. Imipramine Binding and Serotonin Uptake in Schizophrenia and Autism.- 7. Imipramine Binding and Serotonin Uptake in Enuresis.- References.- 8. Neuroendocrine Abnormalities in Autism and Schizophrenic Disorder of Childhood.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Neuroendocrinology of Schizophrenia.- 3. Neuroendocrinology of Autism.- 4. Conclusions.- References.- 9. Autoimmune Dysfunction in Neurodevelopmental Disorders of Childhood.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Alterations in Immune Responsiveness.- 3. Alterations in Self/Non-Self Recognition.- References.- 10. Nonketotic Hyperglycinemia: A Paradigm for the Application of Neuroscience to the Understanding and Trea