Cell Membranes Methods and Reviews: Volume 1

1 Sugar-Cation Cotransport Systems in Bacteria.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Lactose Transport in Escherichia coli.- 2.1. Early Studies.- 2.2. Methods for Study of Transport.- 2.3. Substrates for Transport.- 2.4. Lactose-H+ Cotransport.- 2.5. Chemical Identification of the Lactose Carrier.- 2.6. Amplification of the Lactose Carrier Protein.- 2.7. DNA Sequence.- 2.8. Is there Processing of the Lactose Carrier?.- 2.9. The SH Groups of the Carrier Protein.- 2.10. Solubilization and Reconstitution of the Lactose Carrier.- 2.11. Purification of the Carrier in an Active Form.- 2.12. Kinetics.- 2.13. Effect of $$\Delta {\bar \mu _{{H^ + }}}$$ on the Structure of the Carrier.- 2.14. Mutants of the Lactose Carrier.- 2.15. Other Mutants Affecting Lactose Transport.- 3. Galactose Transport (Ga1P).- 3.1. E. coli.- 3.2. Streptococcus lactis.- 4. l-Arabinose Transport.- 5. d-Xylose Transport.- 6. Melibiose Transport.- 6.1. Substrate and Inducer Specificities.- 6.2. Cation Requirements.- 6.3. Reconstitution of the Melibiose Carrier.- 6.4. Mutants.- 7. Summary.- References.- 2 The Structure and Function of Band 3.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Purification and Reconstitution.- 3. Structure of Band 3.- 3.1. The Cytoplasmic Domain.- 3.2. The Membrane-Bound Domain.- 3.3. Transport Site Structure.- 3.4. Quaternary Structure of Band 3.- 3.5. Posttranslational Modifications of Band 3.- 4. Functions of Band 3.- 4.1. Functions of the Cytoplasmic Domain.- 4.2. Functions of the Membrane-Bound Domain.- 5. Biosynthesis of Band 3.- 6. Conclusion.- References.- 3 Biosynthesis and Assembly of Mitochondrial Proteins.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Post- vs. Cotranslational Transport.- 3. Precursor Forms of Mitochondrial Proteins.- 4. Evidence for the Existence of Specific Receptors.- 5. Transfer of Many Proteins Requires a Membrane Potential.- 6. Proteolytic Processing Enzymes.- 7. Different Organisms Have Closely Related Transfer Machineries.- 8. Functional Assembly of Mitochondrial Enzyme Complexes.- 9. Possible Assembly Pathways.- References.- 4 Polypeptide-Hormone-Induced Receptor Clustering and Internalization.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis of Polypeptide Hormones, Growth Factors, and Other Serum Proteins.- 3. The Clustering and Internalization of EGF Receptors.- 3.1. The Dynamic Properties of EGF Receptors on Human Tumor Cells (A-431).- 3.2. Monoclonal Antibodies against the EGF Receptor: A Powerful Tool for the Purification of the EGF Receptor and for the Investigation of Its Mode of Action.- References.- 5 The Voltage-Sensitive Sodium Channel.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Neurotoxins as Probes of Sodium Channel Structure and Function.- 2.1. Inhibitory Toxins Acting at Neurotoxin Receptor Site 1.- 2.2. Lipid-Soluble Toxins Acting at Neurotoxin Receptor Site 2.- 2.3. Polypeptide Toxins Acting at Neurotoxin Receptor Site 3.- 3. Molecular Properties of Sodium Channels Inferred from Functional Studies.- 3.1. Ion Transport and the Ion Selectivity Filter.- 3.2. An Essential Carboxyl Group at the Tetrodotoxin/Saxitoxin Receptor Site.- 3.3. Evidence for a Voltage-Dependent Conformational Change Associated with Sodium Channel Activation.- 3.4. Protein Components Involved in Sodium Channel Inactivation.- 3.5. Allosteric Interactions among Functionally Distinct Sodium Channel Components.- 4. Identification and Purification of Protein Components of Sodium Channels.- 4.1. Identification of Protein Components of the Sodium Channel by Photoaffinity Labeling.- 4.2. Solubilization and Size Characteristics of the Saxitoxin/Tetrodotoxin Receptor of the Sodium Channel.- 4.3. Purification of the Solubilized Saxitoxin Receptor of the Sodium Channel.- 4.4. The Sodium Channel as a Glycoprotein.- 4.5. Progress toward Reconstitution of Sodium Channel Function from Purified Components.- References.