Individual-based Methods in Forest Ecology and Management

Foreword; Dan Binkley .- Preface.- Acknowledgements.- 1. Introduction.- 1.1. Individual-based forest ecology.- 1.2. Individual-based forest management.- 1.3. Fundamental importance of tree and forest structure.- 1.4. Sampling and quantitative forest description.- 1.5. Individual-based forest ecology and management.- 2. Theories and concepts in individual-based forest ecology.- 2.1. Forest ecology.- 2.1.1. Basic terms and definitions related to individual-based ecology.- 2.1.2. Theories related to individual-based ecology.- 2.2. Tree mechanics and interaction effects on stem growth.- 3. Theories and concepts in individual-based forest management.- 3.1. Introduction to forest management.- 3.2. Sustainability.- 3.3. Silvicultural regimes and types of forest management.- 3.4. Continuous cover forestry and individual-based forest management.- 3.5. Silvicultural planning.- 3.6. Thinning interventions.- 3.6.1. Thinning types.- 3.6.2. Thinning intensity.- 3.6.3. Thinning cycle.- 3.7. Regenerating forest stands and silvicultural systems.- 3.7.1. Uniform shelterwood system.- 3.7.2. Seed tree system.- 3.7.3. Strip shelterwood.- 3.7.4. Group shelterwood.- 3.7.5. Irregular shelterwood.- 3.7.6. Shelterwood combinations.- 3.7.7. Single-tree and group selection.- 3.7.8. Managing regeneration and juvenile trees.- 4. Spatial methods of tree interaction analysis.- 4.1. Spatial statistics for plant pattern analysis.- 4.2. Geostatistics.- 4.3. Random set statistics.- 4.4. Point process statistics.- 4.4.1. Point pattern components.- 4.4.2. Point pattern and marked point pattern types.- 4.4.3. Stationarity and isotropy.- 4.4.4. Test-location and point-related summary characteristics.- 4.4.5. Defining local neighbourhood.- 4.4.6. Principles for constructing marks and test functions.- 4.4.7. Summary characteristics.- 4.4.8. Edge effects.- 4.4.9. Hypothesis testing.- 5. Spatial and individual-based modelling.- 5.1. Modelling of (marked) point patterns.- 5.1.1. Parametric point process models.- 5.1.2. Non-parametric modelling methods.- 5.1.3. Reconstruction algorithm.- 5.1.4. Applications of reconstruction.- 5.2. Individual-based modelling.- 5.2.1. Interaction-kernel models.- 5.2.2. Kernel types and components.- 5.2.3. Species representation.- 5.2.4. Seed and offspring dispersal.- 5.2.5. Growth processes.- 5.2.6. Death processes.- 5.2.7. Parameter estimation.- 5.2.8. Sensitivity analysis.- 5.2.9. Model implementation.- 5.2.10. Example model.- 6. Principles of relative growth analysis.- 6.1. Importance of growth and growth metrics.- 6.2. Concept of relative growth.- 6.2.1. Definition of growth processes.- 6.2.2. Absolute growth rate.- 6.2.3. Relative growth rate.- 6.2.4. Multiple RGR and the concept of allometry.- 6.2.5. Functions of relative growth rate.- 6.2.6. Sampling and growth rate combinations.- 6.3. Size-dependent relative growth rates.- 6.4. Growth rates as marks in point process statistics.- 7. Human disturbances and tree selection behavior.- 7.1. Impacts and disturbances.- 7.2. Human tree selection and marking behavior.- 7.2.1. Problem and origins.- 7.2.2. Marteloscope experiments.- 7.2.3. Reference marking.- 7.2.4. Active and passive rating behavior.- 7.2.5. Agreement.- 7.2.6. Impact intensity and type of impact.- 7.2.7. Tree selection probabilities.- 7.2.8. Growth rates and growth projection.- A. Qualitative forest description.- B. Survey protocol for the establishment of permanent forest research plots.- B.1. Site selection.- B.2. Plot establishment.- B.2.1. Marking plot boundaries.- B.2.2. Plot identification number.- B.3. Individual-tree measurements.- B.3.1. Tree numbers.- B.3.2 Tree species.- B.3.3. Stem diameter at breast height.- B.3.4. Total tree height and height to base of crown.- B.3.5. Tree locations.- B.3.6. Crown measures.- B.4. Additional measurements and observations.- B.4.1. Growth rates, volume and age.- B.4.2. Diameter at stump height/root collar diameter.- B.4.3. Particularities.- B.4.4. Additional marteloscope requiremen