Biological Control: Proceedings of an AAAS Symposium on Biological Control, held at Boston, Massachu

'Section I: The Theory, Ecological Basis and Assessment of Biological Control.- 1. The Pesticide Syndrome-Diagnosis and Suggested Prophylaxis.- The Pesticide Syndrome.- The Suggested Prophylaxis.- The cotton picture.- The grape picture in California.- Conclusion.- Literature Cited.- 2. The Natural enemy Component in Natural Control and the theory of Biological Control.- Natural Control-The Balance of Nature.- The Process of Natural Control.- The concept of control by density-unrelated factors.- The concept of density-dependent regulation.- Demonstrations of characteristic abundance and density dependence.- The regulatory mechanism and the instruments.- The Nature of Regulation by Natural Enemies.- The kinds of natural enemies.- Models of host-parasite (parasitoid) or predator-prey interactions.- The functional, numerical and over-all response.- Damping processes and regulation by natural enemies.- The role of natural enemies in control, regulation, and change in density of hosts.- Challenging Concepts Relative to the Theory and Practice of Biological Control.- Species stability and community stability.- Multiple introductions versus single species introductions.- Polyphagous versus monophagous or stenophagous enemies.- Direct and indirect pests in biological control work.- The claim that biological control is an unprofitable endeavor.- The Genetic Feed-Back Principle and Biological Control.- Conclusions.- Literature Cited.- 3. The Adaptability of Introduced Biological Control Agents.- Procedures Restricting the Genetic Variability of Colonizing Stocks.- Different Natural Enemies Contemporaneously Attacking a Host in the Same Region.- Varying Performances of an Enemy in Different Ecological Situations.- Different Adaptabilities Exhibited Among Strains of a Natural Enemy.- Host-specific strains.- Differential host immunity to strains of natural enemies.- Climatic strains.- Possibilities for Improving Adaptations.- Lessons for Future Strategies.- Literature Cited.- 4. The use of Models and Life tables in Assessing the Role of Natural Enemies.- Terminology for Components of Population Models.- Objections to the Nicholson and Bailey Model.- Parasite Quest Theory.- The development of a model.- Experimental verification.- Literature Cited.- 5. Experimental Techniques for Evaluation of the effectiveness of Natural Enemies.- Selection of Test Plots.- Experimental Methods of Evaluation.- Discussion and Conclusions.- Literature Cited.- Section II: Outstanding recent Examples of Classical Biological Control.- 6. The Biological Control of weeds by Introduced Natural Enemies.- The Alligatorweed.- Puncturevine.- Lantana in Hawaii.- Prickly Pear in California.- Tansy Ragwort.- Discussion.- Literature Cited.- 7. Biological Control of coccids by Introduced Natural Enemies.- Cottony Cushion Scale in California.- Some Recent Examples of Biological Control of Scale Insects.- Florida red scale.- Olive scale.- California red scale.- Summary and Conclusions.- Literature Cited.- 8. Control of pests in glasshouse culture by the Introduction of Natural Enemies.- Some Biological Control Techniques.- Control of red spider mite.- Control of whitefly.- Control of the cotton aphid.- Control of the aphid Myzus persicae (Sulz.).- Control of the leaf-miner Phytomyza syngenesiae Hardy on chrysanthemums.- A biological control program for the pest complex on cucumbers.- Biological control system for pest complex on year-round chrysanthemums.- The commercial future of biological control in glasshouses.- Literature Cited.- 9. The Biological control of the winter moth in Eastern Canada by Introduced Parasites.- Introduction, Results, and Discussion.- Literature Cited.- 10. Biological Control of Rhodesgrass scale by Airplane releases of an Introduced Parasite of Limited Dispersing ability.- Population Regulation of Rhodesgrass Scale by N. sangwani.- Scale control and yie