Wheat Landraces

Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION

1.1      Origin and Evolution of Wheat

1.2      History of Wheat and Breeding Studies in Turkey

1.3      Importance of Wheat Landraces

1.4. Advantages and Disadvantages

CHAPTER 2 Wheat Landraces in Mesopotamia

2. 2. Land races and common characteristics in Mesopotamia

2.3. Wheat landraces characteristics and researches in southeastern Turkey

2.4. Wheat landraces, characteristics and researches in Syria, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon and Palestine

2. 3. Current situation of land races in Mesopotamia

2. 4. Future perspectives

 2. 5. References

Chapter 3 CONSERVATION OF PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES

3.1 General View on the Wheat Landraces

3.1.1 Ex situ Conservation

3.1.2 Ex situ conservation studies of genetic resources in Turkey

Turkey is one of the leading countries in terms of plant genetic resources

3.1.3.1 National Seed Gene Bank

3.1.3. 2 Seed Gene Bank of Field Crops Central Research Institute

3.1.3.3Turkish Seed Gene Bank

3.1.3.3.1 Units of Turkish Seed Gene Bank

Seed Test Chamber: In the Seed Test Chamber of Gene Bank, physical

3.1.3.3. 2Seed conservation rooms

3.1.4 Osman Tosun Gene Bank

3.1.5 Botanic Gardens

3.2. In situ Conservation

3.2.1 In Situ - On farm Conservation

3.2.2 Recommendations for in situ / on farm conservation of landraces

3.2.3 In situ studies in Turkey

3.4 Conclusion

3. 5. References

CHAPTER 4 Characterization of Genetic Diversity in Wheat Landraces

4.1.  Introduction

4.2.   Variation in Morphological, Phenological, and Agronomic Traits

4.4.   Variation in Isoenzymes

4.6. References

CHAPTER 5 MACRO-MICRO ELEMENTS IN WHEAT LANDRACES AND THEIR USE IN BREEDING

 5.1. Macro-micro elements in wheat landraces

5.2. Wheat Landraces in Breeding Studies

Chapter 6 Nutritional and Technological Properties of Wheat Landraces

 6.1 Introduction

6.2 Physical Properties

6.3 Protein Content and Quality

6.4 Starch and Lipid Contents

6.5 Vitamins and Minerals

6.6 Phytochemicals and Antioxidants

6.7 Dietary Fibre and beta-glucan

6.8 Rheological Properties

6.10 Conclusions

6.11. References

Chapter 7 Total Economic Value of Wheat Landraces

7. 1. Introduction

7. 2. Total Economic Value Approach for Valuation of Wheat Landraces

 7. 2.1. Direct Use Value (Directly Consumed or Available on the Market)

 7. 2.1.1. Production function value

 7. 2.1.2. Information function value (Values without direct consumption)

 7. 2.2. Indirect Use Value

7. 2.2.1. The value of service in functioning, order and protection of the ecosystem

 7. 4. Use of Wheat Landraces as a Rural Development Tool

7. 5. Use of Wheat Landraces in Geographical Indication System

Although it is not a definitive description, the limits of the local products are

 7. 6. General Evaluation and Conclusion

7.7. References

 8.1 Introduction

8.2 Chemical Contents and Effects of Wheat Varieties on Human Health

8.3 Conclusion

8.4. References

Chapter 9:  CLIMATE CHANGE & GLOBAL WARMING EFFECT(S) ON WHEAT LANDRACES: A GENERAL APPROACH

9.1. Introduction

9.2.     STATUS IN TURKEY

 9.3.  References

Chapter 10 Wheat Landraces Versus Resistance to Biotic and Abiotic stresses 

10.1.1 The Distribution of Wheat Landraces 

10.1.3 Genetic Diversity of Wheat Landraces Based on the Adaptation of Climate Change

10.2 Abiotic Stress in Wheat Landraces 

10.2.1 Drought Stress

 10.2.2 Cold Stress

10.2.3 Heat Stress

One of the major environmental factors affecting plant growth, development, and

 10.2.4 Salinity Stress

10.2.5 Waterlogging Stress

 10.3 Biotic Stress for Wheat Landraces

 10.3.1 Wheat Landraces Fungal and Rust Diseases

 10.3.1.1 Seedborne Diseases

10.3.1.1.2 Soil-borne disease

10.3.1.1.3 Rot disease

10.3.1.1.4 Wheat Rusts

10.3.1.1.4.2 Stem rust

 10.3.2 Wheat Landraces' Viral Diseases

10.3.4 Wheat Landraces' Nematodes

10.5. References

CHAPTER 11- Contribution of landraces in wheat breeding

 11.1.                   Introduction of landraces

11.1.1.1.         Success stories of wheat landraces for adaptive and yield-related traits

11.1.2.   Role of landraces in abiotic stress

 11.1.2.1.          Wheat landraces role in salinity Tolerance

 11.1.2.2.          Drought and Heat Stress Tolerance in Wheat

 11.1.3.   Role of wheat landraces in quality traits

11.1.3.1.          Landraces for biofortification

 11.1.3.2.          Landraces for some important quality traits

 11.2.                   Role of landraces in biotic stress

11.2.1.1.          Role of wheat landraces in rust diseases

11.2.1.1.1.    Yellow rust or stripe rust

11.2.1.1.2.    Leaf rust

11.2.1.1.3.    Stem rust

11.2.1.2.         Role of wheat landraces in Powdery Mildew (PM)

11.2.1.3.         Role of wheat landraces in Fussarium Head Blight (FHB)

11.2.1.4.         Role of wheat landraces in Septoria Tritici Blotch (STB)

11.2.1.5.         Role of wheat landraces in Eyespot

11.2.1.6.         Role of wheat landraces in Strangospora Nodorum Blotch (SNB)

11.2.1.7.         Role of wheat landraces in Bacterial Leaf Streak (BLS)

11.2.1.8.         Role of wheat landraces in Spot Blotch (SB)

11.2.1.9.         Role of wheat landraces in Common Bunt (CB)

11.2.1.10.     Role of wheat landraces in Dwarf Bunt (DB)

11.2.2.   Role of wheat landraces in pest resistance

11.2.2.1.          Role of wheat landraces in Root-Lesion Nematodes

11.2.2.2.         Role of wheat landraces in Russian Wheat Aphid (RWA)

11.2.2.3.         Role of wheat landraces in Wheat Stem Sawfly (WSS)

11.2.2.4.         Role of wheat landraces in Cereal Cyst Nematodes (CCN)

11.3.                  Landraces and the Future of Wheat Diversity

 11.4.                  References