Climate Change, Ocean Acidification and Sponges: Impacts Across Multiple Levels of Organization

Chapter 1. Climate change, ocean acidification and sponges: an introduction.- Chapter 2. Lessons from the past: sponges in the geological record.- Chapter 3. Sponges as proxies for past climate change events.- Chapter 4. Gene expression and epigenetics and acclamatory mechanism in sponges.- Chapter 5. Molecular and functional ecology of sponge and their microbial symbionts.- Chapter 6. Temporal impacts of large-scale climatic variation on sponge assemblages.- Chapter 7. Excavating sponges and the future of coral reefs.- Chapter 8. Budgets, nutrient fluxes and ecological functions of coral reefs sponges in a warming planet.- Chapter 9. Analysing the relationship between climate change and sponges disease outbreaks.- Chapter 10. The deep glass sponge reefs.- Chapter 11. Future research directions, and gaps in our understanding of climate change and ocean acidification impacts on sponges.