Treatise on Solid State Chemistry: Volume 3 Crystalline and Noncrystalline Solids

of Volume 3.- 1 Metastable Phases Produced by Rapid Quenching from the Vapor and the Liquid.- 1. Introduction.- 1.1. Definition.- 1.2. Kinetic Considerations.- 1.3. Free Energy and Phase Diagram Considerations.- 1.4. Energetic Considerations.- 1.5. Structural Considerations.- 1.6. Classification of Metastable Phases and Outline of Chapter.- 2. Experimental Techniques.- 2.1. Evaporation.- 2.2. Sputtering.- 2.3. Electrodeposition.- 2.4. Rapid Liquid Quenching.- 3. Amorphous Phases.- 3.1. Elemental Amorphous Phases.- 3.2. Alloy Amorphous Phases.- 3.3. Structural Analysis.- 3.4. Electrical Properties.- 3.5. Magnetic Properties.- 3.6. Transformation Kinetics.- 4. Metastable Elemental and Near-Elemental Crystalline Phases.- 4.1. Topologically Close-Packed Structures.- 4.2. Spherically Close-Packed Structures.- 5. Metastable Crystalline Intermediate Alloy Phases.- 5.1. Occurrence and Study of Intermediate Alloy Phases.- 5.2. Structures and Crystal Chemistry of Metastable Intermediate Phases.- 5.3. Further Structural Relationships.- 6. Supersaturated Terminal or Intermediate Solid Solutions.- 6.1. Occurrence and Study of Extended Solid Solutions.- 6.2. Crystal Chemistry and Properties of Metastable Solid Solutions.- 7. Concluding Remarks.- 7.1. Significance of Research on Metastable Phases.- 7.2. Review of Metastable Phase Formation.- 7.3. Alternate Methods and Products of Metastable Phase Preparation.- 7.4. Present and Suggested Applications of Metastable Phases.- 7.5. Areas for Further Research.- Acknowledgment.- References.- 2 Inclusion Compounds.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Metallic Clathrates.- 2.1. Electrical Properties.- 2.2. Low-Temperature Heat Capacity.- 3. Boron Compounds.- 3.1. Icosahedral Grouping.- 3.2. Octahedral Grouping.- 4. Graphite Intercalation Compounds.- 4.1. Introduction.- 4.2. Compounds with Electron Donors.- 4.3. Compounds with Electron Acceptors.- 4.4. Order-Disorder Transitions.- 4.5. Reaction Mechanisms.- 4.6. Fermi Surface and Transport Measurements.- 4.7. Superconductivity.- 4.8. Spin Resonance.- 4.9. Magnetic Properties.- 5. Chalcogenide Intercalation Compounds.- 5.1. The Layered Chalcogenides.- 5.2. The Intercalation Compounds of Layered Dichalcogenides and Elemental Metals.- 5.3. Molecular Intercalates.- 6. Layered Halide and Similar Intercalation Compounds.- 7. Tungsten Bronzes and Similar Compounds.- Epilogue.- References.- 3 The Structural Chemistry of Some Complex Oxides: Ordered and Disordered Extended Defects.- 1. Introduction.- 1.1. Types of Defects in Crystals.- 1.2. Methods of Observing Extended Defects.- 2. Complex Structures Based on Crystallographic Shear.- 2.1. Introduction.- 2.2. Compounds Containing One-Dimensional Crystallographic Shear.- 2.3. Compounds Containing Two-Dimensional Crystallographic Shear.- 2.4. Disorder in Block Structures.- 2.5. Disorder in Systems Related to the Tetragonal Tungsten Bronze.- 3. The Fluorite-Related Structures.- 3.1. Introduction.- 3.2. The Relationship between the Fluorite and Other Structures.- 3.3. Fluorite-Related Phases with Excess Oxygen.- 3.4. The Fluorite-Related Homologous Series.- 4. Extended Defects in the NaCl Structure Type.- 4.1. Nonstoichiometry and Defect Structure of Titanium and Vanadium Monoxides.- 4.2. The Defect Structure of Fe1?xO.- 5. Stoichiometry and Structure of Highly Conducting Solid Electrolytes.- 5.1. The Structure of Calcia-Stabilized Zirconia.- 5.2. The Structure of Some Beta-Aluminas.- 5.3. The Structure of Halide and Chalcogenide Solid Electrolytes.- Acknowledgment.- References.- 4 Interstitial Phases.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Crystallography of Interstitial Phases.- 2.1. Geometrical Basis of Close Packing.- 2.2. The Radius Ratio.- 2.3. Crystal Structures of Interstitial Phases.- 2.4. Polymorphism in Interstitial Compounds.- 2.5. Ternary Interstitial Phases.- 3. Properties of Interstitial Phases.- 3.1. Phase Diagrams.- 3.2. Melting Points.- 3.3. Thermodynamic Properties.- 3.4. Hardness.- 3.5. Thermal Expansion.- 3.6. Electrica