Mössbauer Spectroscopy of Environmental Materials and Their Industrial Utilization

-Introduction. List of Contents. Symbols and Abbreviations. Foreword. Acknowledgments. -1: Theory and Characteristics of the Mössbauer Effect. Theory of the Mössbauer Effect. Magnetism. Hyperfine Interactions. Relaxation Effects. Line Intensities. Diffusional Broadening. Mössbauer Spectroscopy in Mineralogy and Minerals Processing. Summary. -2: Mössbauer Instrumentation. General Considerations. Source and Reference Absorber. Conventional Spectrometers. Other Spectrometers. Sample Environment. Sample preparation. Summary. -3: Data Analysis and Interpretation. Fitting using Simple Lorentzians. Tests of Goodness of Fit. Convolution and Deconvolution. Thickness Effects and Recoilless Fraction. Fitting of Thickness Broadened Lines. Fitting of Lines Broadened by a Hyperfine Parameter Distribution. Magnetic Relaxation and Superparamagnetism. The Non Uniqueness Problem. Problems in Fitting and Interpretation. Presentation of Results. Summary. -4: Bulk and Clay Sized Phyllosilicates. 1:1 Minerals: Kaolinite. 2:1 Minerals: Illite. Montmorillonite. Nontronite. Summary. - 5: Iron Oxides and Oxyhydroxides. Anhydrous Oxides: Hematite. Magnetite. Maghemite. Oxyhydroxides: Goethite. Ferrihydrite. Summary. -6: Sediments. Terrestrial Sediments. Freshwater Sediments. Marine Sediments. Airborne Particles. Summary. -7: Soils and Clays. Soils. Clays. Summary. -8: Weathering. Silicate Weathering. Sulfide Weathering and Acid Mine Drainage. Summary. -9: Metastable Materials. Green Rusts. Fine Particle Magnetite. Anoxic Sediments. Fe2+ Sulfates Produced by Acid Mine Drainage. Summary. -10: Coal. Coal Characterization. Heat and Chemical Treatment. Hydroliquefaction. Summary. -11: ClayFiring. Individual Minerals: Kaolinite. Illite. Montmorillonite. Nontronite. Samples of Complex Mineralogy. Summary. -12: Mineral processing. Introduction. Iron Ores. Titanium Ores. Other Processing Operations Involving Iron. Gold. Summary. References. Index.