Seawater Intrusion in the Coastal Alluvial Aquifers of the Mahanadi Delta

1. Introduction. 1.1 General 1.2 Location of the Study Area 1.3 Climate and Rainfall 1.4 Drainage 1.5 Previous Work 1.6 Present Work
2. General Geology 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Mahanadi Delta 2.2.1 Geology 2.2.2 Environment of Deposits 2.2.3 Geomorphology 2.2.4 Land-Use 2.2.5 Soil 2.2.6 Evolutionary History 2.3 Study Area 2.3.1 Geomorphology, Land-Use and Soil 2.3.2 Geology and Stratigraphy
3. Hydro-Geomorphology 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Geomorphic Regions 3.2.1 Upper and Lower Deltaic Plains 3.2.2 Older and Younger Coastal Plains 3.3 Geomorphic Landforms 3.3.1 Beach 3.3.2 Beach Ridges 3.3.3 Swale 3.3.4 Beach Ridges and Swales Complex 3.3.5 Palaeo-Channel 3.3.6 Buried Channel 3.3.7 Back Swamp 3.3.8 Channel Bar 3.3.9 Channel Island 3.3.10 Migrated River Course 3.3.11 Natural Levee 3.4 Conclusion
4. Borehole Geophysics 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Resistivity Logging 4.3 Spontaneous Potential Logging 4.4 Analysis Procedure 4.5 Correlation of Resistivity and Water Quality 4.6 Geophysical Logging in the Area 4.7 Depth Slicing 4.8 Conclusion
5. Hydrogeology 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Salt Water - Fresh Water Relationship 5.3 Lithology 5.4 Hydraulic Properties of the Aquifers 5.5 Panel Diagram 5.6 Classification of Aquifer Systems 5.6.1 Shallow Aquifer System 5.6.2 Deep Aquifers 5.7 Water Levels 5.7.1 Long-Term Trend 5.7.2 High Frequency Water Levels 5.7.3 Spectral Analysis 5.8 Well Design Aspects 5.9 Summary
6. Water Quality 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Sample Collection 6.3 Chemical Analysis 6.3.1 Hydrogen Ion Concentration (pH) 6.3.2 Electrical Conductivity (EC) 6.3.3 Total Dissolve Solids (TDS) 6.3.4 Total Hardness 6.3.5 Turbidity 6.3.6 Total Alkalinity 6.3.7 Carbonate and Bicarbonate 6.3.8 Chloride 6.3.9 Sulphate 6.3.10 Nitrate 6.3.11 Fluoride 6.3.12 Calcium 6.3.13 Magnesium 6.3.14 Sodium 6.3.15 Potassium 6.3.16 Iron 6.4 Long-Term Trend 6.5 Statistics 6.5.1 Mean, Median and Mode 6.5.2 Skewness and Kurtosis 6.6 Inter-Parameter Relationship
7. Hydro-Geochemical Evaluation 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Water Characterisation 7.2.1 Collin's Bar Diagram 7.2.2 Stiff's Pattern Diagram 7.2.3 Piper Diagram 7.2.4 Durov Diagram 7.3 Quality for Drinking Water 7.3.1 Drinking Water Quality Standard 7.3.2 Comparison of Analysis Results 7.3.3 Identification of Potable Water Zones 7.4 Quality for Irrigation 7.4.1 Chloride and Sulphate 7.4.2 U.S. Salinity Diagram 7.4.3 Wilcox Diagram 7.5 Conclusion
8. Summary and Conclusion
9. References
10. Index