Climate Variability and Sunspot Activity: Analysis of the Solar Influence on Climate

Acknowledgement.- Introduction.- Chapter 1: Climatology, General Circulation, Climate Variability, Stratosphere Troposphere Coupling.- 1.1 Climatology and General Circulation.- 1.2 Major Modes of Climate Variability.- 1.3 Stratosphere-Troposphere Coupling.- 1.4 Teleconnection among various modes.- 1.5 Solar Influence around Various Places: Robust Solar Signal on Climate.- 1.6 Total Solar Irradiance (TSI): Measurements and Reconstructions.- Chapter 2: Various Solar Influences on Climate and Atmosphere-Ocean Coupling.- 2.1 Ocean Coupling.- 2.2 Sun and ENSO connection: Contradiction and Reconciliation.- 2.3 A debate: Sun and QBO.- 2.4 Solar Influence: 'Top Down' vs. 'Bottom Up'.- 2.5 An Overview of Solar Influence on Climate.- Chapter 3: Other Major Influences on Climate.- 3.1 Sun: Atmosphere-Ocean Coupling- Possible Limitations.- 3.2 Arctic and Antarctic Sea ice.- 3.3 CMIP5 Project and Some Results.- 3.4 Green House Gas warming.- 3.5 Volcanic Influences.- 3.6 Ozone depletion in Stratosphere.- 3.7 Influence of various other Solar Outputs.