Settlement Morphology of Budapest

I. HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY OF BUDAPEST.- 1. Geographical circumstances affecting urban development.- 1.1. Positional energies.- 1.2. Local energies.- 2. History of the city: changes in its functions and demographic processes, transformation of the ground plan and the settlement structure.- 2.1. Preliminaries of urban development.- 2.2. Roles in the Middle Ages.- 2.3. Enlargement of the ground plan within the city walls.- 2.4. From the re-start after the end of Ottoman rule until the Compromise.-2.5. Functional and demographic processes of the Golden Age.- 2.6.. From organic growth to conscious city development.- 2.7. Growth of the agglomeration.- 2.8. Looking for a new place between the World Wars.- 2.9. Power centre in the state socialist decades.- 2.10. The contradictory and periodical change of the ground plan image of Greater Budapest .- Summary.- II. BUILDING UP OF BUDAPEST.- 1. General issues of building up.- 1.1. The extent of building up.- 1.2. Style, form and change of building up.- 2. Horizontal homogeneity and vertical heterogeneity of building up in Budapest.- 3. Types of building up and their occurrence in the capital city.- 3.1. Multi-storey closed lines of buildings.- 3.2. Single-storey closed lines of buildings.- 3.3. Terraced houses.- 3.4. Multi-storey housing blocks .- 3.5. Multi-storey semi-detached houses.- 3.6. Villas and villa-like buildings.- 3.7. Building up with detached houses.- 3.8. Rural style of building up.- 3.9. Residential parks .- Summary.- III. THE FUNCTIONAL STRUCTURE OF BUDAPEST.- 1. Changes in the urban structure of Budapest .- 1.1. The times before World War I.- 1.2. The period between the two world wars .- 1.3. The times of state socialism.- 2. Factors affecting the transformation of the capital city and their impacts after 1990.- 2.1. A regime change on the market of office buildings.-2.1.1. The number and distribution of office buildings in Budapest.- 2.1.2. Construction year and morphological features of office buildings in Budapest.- 2.1.3. Functions and services of office facilities.- 2.1.4. The role of office buildings in the development of the morphology and structure of the capital city.- 2.2. Appearance of hypermarkets, specialised stores and shopping centres.- 2.2.1. Hypermarkets.- 2.2.2. Specialised stores .- 2.2.3. Shopping centres.- 2.3. Development and transformation of the industrial areas.- 2.3.1. Birth and development of industrial areas until 1990.-2.3.2. The situation of industrial areas after 1990.- 2.3.3. Industrial parks .- 3. Functional zones of Budapest after the regime change.- 3.1. Urban centre/city.- 3.1.1. Birth and development of the urban centre/city of Budapest .- 3.1.2. The city centre of Budapest and its present features.- 3.2. Sub-centres.- 3.2.1. Historical sub-centres that evolved from previous urban/settlement cores.- 3.2.2. Sub-centres created in the period of socialism.- 3.2.3. Sub-centres that evolved after the regime change.- 3.3. Industrial-economic areas, brownfield zone.- 3.3.1. North Pest industrial-economic area.- 3.3.2. East Pest industrial-economic area.- 3.3.3. South Pest industrial-economic area.- 3.3.4. Csepel industrial-economic area.- 3.3.5. South Buda industrial-economic area.- 3.3.6. Other industrial-economic areas.- 3.3.7. Military (defence) areas in Budapest.- 3.4. Urban green areas.- 3.4.1. Changes of the green areas in Budapest.- 3.4.2. Green areas in Budapest these days.- 3.5. Residential areas.- 3.5.1. Inner residential zone.- 3.5.2. Outer residential zone.- Summary.- REFERENCES.