Convex Polytopes

1 Notation and prerequisites.- 1.1 Algebra.- 1.2 Topology.- 1.3 Additional notes and comments.- 2 Convex sets.- 2.1 Definition and elementary properties.- 2.2 Support and separation.- 2.3 Convex hulls.- 2.4 Extreme and exposed points; faces and poonems.- 2.5 Unbounded convex sets.- 2.6 Polyhedral sets.- 2.7 Remarks.- 2.8 Additional notes and comments.- 3 Polytopes.- 3.1 Definition and fundamental properties.- 3.2 Combinatorial types of polytopes; complexes.- 3.3 Diagrams and Schlegel diagrams.- 3.4 Duality of polytopes.- 3.5 Remarks.- 3.6 Additional notes and comments.- 4 Examples.- 4.1 The d-simplex.- 4.2 Pyramids.- 4.3 Bipyramids.- 4.4 Prisms.- 4.5 Simplicial and simple polytopes.- 4.6 Cubical polytopes.- 4.7 Cyclic polytopes.- 4.8 Exercises.- 4.9 Additional notes and comments.- 5 Fundamental properties and constructions.- 5.1 Representations of polytopes as sections or projections.- 5.2 The inductive construction of polytopes.- 5.3 Lower semicontinuity of the functions fk(P).- 5.4 Gale-transforms and Gale-diagrams.- 5.5 Existence of combinatorial types.- 5.6 Additional notes and comments.- 6 Polytopes with few vertices.- 6.1 d-Polytopes with d + 2 vertices.- 6.2 d-Polytopes with d + 3 vertices.- 6.3 Gale diagrams of polytopes with few vertices.- 6.4 Centrally symmetric polytopes.- 6.5 Exercises.- 6.6 Remarks.- 6.7 Additional notes and comments.- 7 Neighborly polytopes.- 7.1 Definition and general properties.- 7.2 % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaagaart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr% 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9% vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x% fr-xb9adbaqaaeaaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaWaamWaaeaadG% aGmUaaaeacaYOaiaiJigdaaeacaYOaiaiJikdaaaacbiGaiaiJ-rga% aiaawUfacaGLDbaaaaa!40CC!$$\left[ {\frac{1}{2}d} \right]$$-Neighborly d-polytopes.- 7.3 Exercises.- 7.4 Remarks.- 7.5 Additional notes and comments.- 8 Euler's relation.- 8.1 Euler's theorem.- 8.2 Proof of Euler's theorem.- 8.3 A generalization of Euler's relation.- 8.4 The Euler characteristic of complexes.- 8.5 Exercises.- 8.6 Remarks.- 8.7 Additional notes and comments.- 9 Analogues of Euler's relation.- 9.1 The incidence equation.- 9.2 The Dehn-Sommerville equations.- 9.3 Quasi-simplicial polytopes.- 9.4 Cubical polytopes.- 9.5 Solutions of the Dehn-Sommerville equations.- 9.6 The f-vectors of neighborly d-polytopes.- 9.7 Exercises.- 9.8 Remarks.- 9.9 Additional notes and comments.- 10 Extremal problems concerning numbers of faces.- 10.1 Upper bounds for fi, i ? 1, in terms of fo.- 10.2 Lower bounds for fi, i ? 1, in terms of fo.- 10.3 The sets f(P3) and f(PS3).- 10.4 The set fP4).- 10.5 Exercises.- 10.6 Additional notes and comments.- 11 Properties of boundary complexes.- 11.1 Skeletons of simplices contained in ?(P).- 11.2 A proof of the van Kampen-Flores theorem.- 11.3 d-Connectedness of the graphs of d-polytopes.- 11.4 Degree of total separability.- 11.5 d-Diagrams.- 11.6 Additional notes and comments.- 12 k-Equivalence of polytopes.- 12.1 k-Equivalence and ambiguity.- 12.2 Dimensional ambiguity.- 12.3 Strong and weak ambiguity.- 12.4 Additional notes and comments.- 13 3-Polytopes.- 13.1 Steinitz's theorem.- 13.2 Consequences and analogues of Steinitz's theorem.- 13.3 Eberhard's theorem.- 13.4 Additional results on 3-realizable sequences.- 13.5 3-Polytopes with circumspheres and circumcircles.- 13.6 Remarks.- 13.7 Additional notes and comments.- 14 Angle-sums relations; the Steiner point.- 14.1 Gram's relation for angle-sums.- 14.2 Angle-sums relations for simplicial polytopes.- 14.3 The Steiner point of a polytope (by G. C. Shephard).- 14.4 Remarks.- 14.5 Additional notes and comments.- 15 Addition and decomposition of polytopes.- 15.1 Vector addition.- 15.2 Approximation of polytopes by vector sums.- 15.3 Blaschke addition.- 15.4 Remarks.- 15.5 Additional notes and comments.- 16 Diameters of polytopes (by Victor Klee).- 16.1 Extremal diameters of d-polytopes.- 16.2 The functions ? and ?b.- 16.3 Wv Paths.- 16.4 Additional notes and comments.- 17 Long paths and circuits on polytopes.- 17.1 Hamiltonian paths and circuits.- 17.2 Extremal path-lengths of polytopes.- 17.3 Heights of polytopes.- 17.4 Circuit codes.- 17.5 Additional notes and comments.- 18 Arrangements of hyperplanes.- 18.1 d-Arrangements.- 18.2 2-Arrangements.- 18.3 Generalizations.- 18.4 Additional notes and comments.- 19 Concluding remarks.- 19.1 Regular polytopes and related notions.- 19.2 k-Content of polytopes.- 19.3 Antipodality and related notions.- 19.4 Additional notes and comments.- Tables.- Addendum.- Errata for the 1967 edition.- Additional Bibliography.- Index of Terms.- Index of Symbols.