Neurobiology of Cerebrospinal Fluid 1

'1: Physiology, Pharmacology, and Dynamics of Cerebrospinal Fluid.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Embryology and Anatomy.- 3. CSF Production.- 4. CSF Composition and Gradients.- 5. CSF Absorption.- 6. CSF Circulation.- 7. Functions of CSF.- References.- 2: Role of Cyclic AMP in Cerebrospinal Fluid Production.- 1. Introduction: The Adenylate Cyclase-Cyclic AMP System and Cell Secretion.- 2. In Vivo Model.- 3. In Vitro Model.- 4. Effects of Cholera Toxin on CSF Production and Choroid Plexus Cyclic AMP.- 5. Prostaglandins and CSF Production.- 6. Adenylate Cyclase Agonists and CSF Production.- 7. Carbonic Anhydrase, Cyclic AMP, and Cellular Compartmentalization.- 8. Conclusions.- References.- 3: Chemical Alterations of Cerebrospinal Fluid Acting on Respiratory and Circulatory Control Systems.- 1. CSF and ECF in Central Nervous System.- 2. Physiological and Experimental Mediators of Respiratory and Circulatory Control Systems.- 3. Central Chemosensitivity of Respiration.- 4. Alteration of CSF as a Tool in Analysis of Site and Properties of Central Chemosensitivity of Respiration.- 5. Effects on Circulatory Control System of Altering Acid-Base Balance of CSF or Application of Drugs via CSF.- 6. Confirmation of Reaction Theory of Central Chemosensitivity by Alteration of CSF Acid-Base Parameters.- 7. Ventilation in Respiratory and Nonrespiratory Acidosis.- 8. Effects of Chemoreceptor Stimulants Applied via CSF.- 9. Effects on Respiration of Transmitter Substances and Neurotropic Drugs Applied via CSF.- 10. Effects on Circulation of Transmitter Substances and Neurotropic Drugs Applied via CSF.- 11. Influences of Morphine, Apomorphine, Endorphins, Enkephalins, and Other Substances in CSF.- References.- 4: Neurochemical Aspects of Blood-Brain-Cerebrospinal Fluid Barriers.- 1. Introduction.- 2. General Mechanisms of Blood-Brain-CSF Barriers.- 3. Movement of Solutes across Blood-Brain-CSF Barriers.- References.- 5: Sites of Origin and Cerebrospinal Fluid Concentration Gradients: Neurotransmitters, Their Precursors and Metabolites, and Cyclic Nucleotides.- 1. Introduction.- 2. ?-Aminobutyric Acid.- 3. Norepinephrine.- 4. Dopamine.- 5. Serotonin.- 6. Cyclic Nucleotides.- 7. Conclusions.- References.- 6: Daily Fluctuations in Cathecholamines, Monoamine Metabolites, Cyclic AMP, and ?-Aminobutyric Acid.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Materials and Methods.- 3. Norepinephrine and Its Metabolites.- 4. Dopamine and Its Major Metabolite.- 5. Cyclic Adenosine 3?,5?-Monophosphate.- 6. ?-Aminobutyric Acid.- 7. Conclusions.- References.- 7: Technical Aspects of Clinical and Experimental Cerebrospinal Fluid Investigations.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Clinical Protocols.- 3. Animal Investigations.- 4. Conclusions.- References.- 8: Cerebrospinal Fluid Amine Metabolites and Probenecid Test.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Brain Amine Metabolism Reflected in Cerebral Ventricular CSF.- 3. Clearance of Amine Metabolites from Central Nervous System.- 4. Measurement of Amine Metabolites in Lumbar CSF.- 5. Development of Probenecid Test.- 6. Significance of CSF Probenecid Levels in Probenecid Test.- 7. Sources of Variance in Probenecid Test.- 8. Intravenous Administration of Probenecid.- 9. Kinetics of CSF Probenecid and Amine Metabolites.- 10. Conclusions.- References.- 9: Extracellular Cyclic Nucleotide Metabolism in Human Central Nervous System.- 1. Introduction.- 2. CNS Cyclic Nucleotide Metabolism.- 3. Relationship of CNS Cyclic Nucleotide Metabolism to Extracellular Cyclic Nucleotide Metabolism in Animals.- 4. Assay of Cyclic Nucleotides in Human CSF.- 5. CSF Cyclic Nucleotide Concentrations.- 6. CSF Cyclic Nucleotide Concentrations in Neurological and Psychiatric Disease.- 7. Blood-CSF Barrier to Cyclic Nucleotides.- 8. Carrier-Mediated Transport of Cyclic Nucleotides from CSF.- 9. Investigations of CNS Cyclic Nucleotide Metabolism in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.- 10. Application of Probe