Techniques and Concepts of High-Energy Physics

1 The Standard Model: 30 Years of Glory.- 1.1 Introduction.- 1.2 QCD.- 1.2.1 Deep inelastic at SLAC.- 1.2.2 Neutrino scattering results (1972-1974).- 1.2.3 R(e+e-).- 1.2.4 Scaling violation.- 1.2.5 Drell-Yan reactions.- 1.2.6 Observation of jets.- 1.2.7 Gluon jet observation.- 1.3 Weak interaction and quark and lepton families.- 1.3.1 Neutral current discovery (1973-1974).- 1.3.2 Discovery of the W and Z bosons.- 1.3.2.1 The collider.- 1.3.2.2 The experimental apparatus.- 1.3.3 A new quark : Charm (The 1974 "November revolution").- 1.3.4 The third family: the ? lepton and b quark.- 1.3.4.1 ? discovery.- 1.3.4.2 b quark discovery.- 1.4 LEP and SLC: The ideal machines for Standard Model studies.- 1.4.1 The detectors.- 1.4.2 Electroweak results.- 1.5 Conclusion.- 2 Bremsstrahlung.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 Small coupling, large logarithms and evolution.- 2.2.1 Logarithm is not a function.- 2.2.2 Puzzle of DIS and QCD partons.- 2.2.3 QCD DIS minutes.- 2.2.4 LLA parton evolution.- 2.2.4.1 Space-like parton evolution.- 2.2.4.2 Time-like parton cascades.- 2.2.4.3 Apparent and hidden in parton dynamics.- 2.2.4.4 Fluctuation Time and Evolution Times: Coherence.- 2.2.4.5 Vanishing of the forward inelastic diffraction.- 2.3 Bremsstrahlung, coherence, conservation of current.- 2.3.1 Photon Bremsstrahlung.- 2.3.2 Classical Consideration.- 2.3.3 Soft radiation cross section.- 2.3.3.1 Low-Barnett-Kroll wisdom.- 2.3.3.2 Soft Photons don't carry quantum numbers.- 2.3.3.3 Gribov Bremsstrahlung theorem.- 2.3.3.4 Soft Gluons don't carry away no color.- 2.3.4 Independent and coherent radiation.- 2.3.4.1 The role of interference: strict angular ordering.- 2.3.4.2 Angular ordering on the back of envelope.- 2.3.4.3 Time delay and decoherence effects.- 2.4 Back to QCD 80.- 2.4.1 QCD scattering and cross-channel radiation.- 2.4.2 Conservation of color and QCD angular ordering.- 2.4.3 Humpbacked plateau and LPHD.- 2.4.3.1 Solving the DIS evolution.- 2.4.3.2 Coherent hump.- 2.4.3.3 Coherent damping of the Landau singularity.- 2.4.3.4 Brave gluon counting.- 2.4.4 QCD Radiophysics.- 2.4.5 Soft confinement.- 3 Baryon Asymmetry of the Universe.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Non-conservation of baryon number.- 3.2.1 Grand unified theories.- 3.2.2 Anomalous electroweak non-conservation of fermion quantum numbers.- 3.3 Hot Big Bang.- 3.4 Grand unified baryogenesis.- 3.4.1 Baryogenesis in decays of ultra-heavy particles.- 3.4.2 Survival of primordial baryon asymmetry.- 3.5 Leptogenesis.- 3.6 Electroweak baryogenesis.- 3.6.1 Preliminaries.- 3.6.2 Electroweak phase transition.- 3.6.3 Electroweak sphalerons after the phase transition.- 3.6.4 Sources of CP-violation in the EW theory and its extensions.- 3.6.5 Uniform scalar fields.- 3.6.6 Asymmetry from fermion-domain wall interactions.- 3.7 Conclusions.- 4 Introduction to Superstring Theory.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Lecture 1: Overview and Motivation.- 4.2.1 Supersymmetry.- 4.2.2 Basic Ideas of String Theory.- 4.2.3 A Brief History of String Theory.- 4.2.4 Compactification.- 4.2.5 Perturbation Theory.- 4.2.6 The Second Superstring Revolution.- 4.2.7 The Origins of Gauge Symmetry.- 4.2.8 Conclusion.- 4.3 Lecture 2: String Theory Basics.- 4.3.1 World-Line Description of a Point Particle.- 4.3.2 World-Volume Actions.- 4.3.3 Boundary Conditions.- 4.3.4 Quantization.- 4.3.5 The Free String Spectrum.- 4.3.6 The Number of Physical States.- 4.3.7 The Structure of String Perturbation Theory.- 4.3.8 Recapitulation.- 4.4 Lecture 3: Superstrings.- 4.4.1 The Gauge-Fixed Theory.- 4.4.2 The R and NS Sectors.- 4.4.3 The GSO Projection.- 4.4.4 Type II Superstrings.- 4.4.5 Anomalies.- 4.4.6 Heterotic Strings.- 4.4.7 T Duality.- 4.5 Lecture 4: From Super strings to M Theory.- 4.5.1 M Theory.- 4.5.2 Type II p-branes.- 4.5.3 Type IIB Superstring Theory.- 4.5.4 The D3-Brane and N = 4 Gauge Theory.- 4.5.5 Conclusion.- 5 Neutrino Mass and Oscillations.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 Neutrinos in the Standard Model.- 5.3 Direct Measurements of Neutrin