Particle Acceleration and Kinematics in Solar Flares: A Synthesis of Recent Observations and Theoret

1: Introduction. 2: Magnetic Topology of Acceleration Regions. 2.1. Bipolar Reconnection Models. 2.2. Tripolar Reconnection Models.2.3. Quadrupolar Reconnection Models. 2.4. Spine and Fan Reconnection Models. 3: Geometry of Acceleration Regions. 3.1. Magnetic Topology Constraints on the Acceleration Region. 3.2. Direct Hard X-Ray Detection of the Acceleration Region. 3.3.Time-of-Flight Localization of the Acceleration Region. 3.4. Conjugate Footpoint Constraints. 3.5. Remote Footpoint Delays. 3.6. Bi-Directional Electron Beams. 3.7. Hard X-Ray and Radio-Coincident Electron Beams. 3.8. Electron Density in Acceleration Sites. 4: Dynamics of Acceleration Region. 4.1. Dynamics of Flare Triggers and Drivers. 4.2. Dynamics of Magnetic Reconnection. 4.3. Dynamics Inferred from Fast Time Structures. 4.4. Dynamics Inferred from Spatio-Temporal Fragmentation. 4.5. Dynamics Inferred from Spatial Evolution. 5: Accelerating Electromagnetic Fields and Waves. 5.1. Electric DC Field Acceleration. 5.2.Stochastic Acceleration. 5.3. Shock Acceleration. 6: Particle Kinematics. 6.1. Kinematics of Relativistic Particles. 6.2. Kinematics of Particle Acceleration. 6.3. Kinematics of Particle Propagation. 6.4. Kinematics of Combined Acceleration and Propagation. 6.5. Kinematics of Particle Injection. 6.6. Kinematics of Particle Trapping. 6.7. Kinematics of Particle Precipitation. 6.8. Kinematics of Particle Energy Loss. 7: Gamma Ray Emission. 7.1. Gamma Ray Emission Processes. 7.2.Acceleration and Propagation of Protons. 7.3. Inverse Bremsstrahlung of Protons. 7.4.Relative Proton-to-Electron Acceleration Ratios. 7.5. Long-Term Trapping of High-Energy Particles. 7.6. Gamma-rays from Behind-the-Limb Flares. 7.7. Pitch-Angle Distribution of High-Energy Particles. 7.8. Interplanetary High-Energy Particles. 8: Hard X-Ray Emission. 8.1. Hard X-Ray Bremsstrahlung Emission. 8.2. Time-Dependent Hard X-Ray Spectra. 8.3. Hard X-Ray Spectra. 8.4. Spatial Structure of Hard X-Ray Sources.9: Radio Emission. 9.1 Radio Diagnostic of Electron Acceleration. 9.2. Radio Diagnostic of Electron Propagation. 9.3. Radio Diagnostic of Electron Trapping. 10: Conclusions. References.