Frontiers of Optical Spectroscopy: Investigating Extreme Physical Conditions with Advanced Optical T

PREFACE LECTURES INVESTIGATING PHYSICAL SYSTEMS WITH OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPY ( Baldassare Di Bartolo) Abstract 1. Introduction 2. Interaction of Radiation with Atoms and Molecules Acknowledgements References 2. LIGHT-MATTER INTERACTIONS ON THE FEMTO-SECOND TIME SCALE (Chris A.D. Roeser and Eric Mazur) Abstract 1. Light-matter Interactions 2. Ultrafast Dynamics of Solids under Intense Photoexcitation 3. Nonlinear Optical Properties 4. Ultrafast Materials Science 5. Summary Notes References 3. PHOTONS AND PHOTON STATISTICS FROM INCANDESCENT LIGHT TO LASERS (Ralph v. Baltz) 1. Introduction 2. Nature of Light 3. Classical Description of the EMF: Waves 4. Quantum Theory of Light: Photons 5. Optical Devices and Measurements 6. Outlook 7. Acknowledgements References Solutions to Problems CARRIER-WAVE NONLINEAR OPTICS (Martin Wegener) Introduction Some Aspects of Few-Cycle Laser Pulses From Mode-Locked Oscillators How Intense is the Light Field? Carrier-Wave Rabi Flopping of Electrons in Semiconductors 'Offset-Resonant' Carrier-Wave Nonlinear Optics of Electrons in Semiconductors Attosecond Pulses and Interactions of Intense Laser Fields with Atoms, Electrons and the Vacuum Summary Acknowledgements References Solutions of Exercises Important Symbols and Constants Index 13. Appendice 5. CAROTENOID EXCITED STATES-PHOTOPHYSICS, ULTRAFAST DYNAMICS AND PHOTOSYNTHETIC FUNCTIONS (Tomás Polívka and Villy Sundström) 1. Introduction 2. Excitedstate structure of carotenoid molecules 3. Excited states of Carotenoids in Pigment Protein complexes Acknowledgements References SPECTROSCOPY OF QUANTUM WELLS AND SUPERLATTICES ( Claus Klingshirn) Abstract Prolog Introduction to Electronic Properties Quantum Wells and Superlattices Interband Spectroscopy Intersuperband Transitions Phonons in Bulk Semiconductors Phonons in Superlattices Conclusion and Outlook Acknowledgements References 7. LASERS FOR FRONTIER SPECTROSCOPY (Giuseppe Baldacchini) Abstract Introduction The rise of lasers Spectroscopy with lasers Advancements of laser and spectroscopy 5. Conclusions Acknowledgement References COHERENT SPECTROSCOPY OF STRATIFIED SEMICONDUCTOR MICRO- AND NANOSTRUCTURES ( Vadim Lyssenko) Introduction Maxwell's equations Transmission and Reflectivity Multiple-beam interference Refraction and reflection at the surface of an absorptive medium Absorptive Fabry-Pérot interferometer Basic physics of microcavities Angle-dependent properties Electron envelope wavefunctions Y (z) Acknowledgements References 9. CONSEQUENCES OF EXTREME PHOTON CONFINEMENT IN MICRO-CAVITIES: I. ULTRA-SENSITIVE DETECTION OF PERTURBATIONS BY BIO-MOLECULES (Stephen Arnold, Mayumi Noto, and Frank Vollmer) Abstract Introduction Simple Considerations 3. Theoretical Approach 4. Experimental Insights which grow out of the Fig.3 5. First Order Perturbation Theory: Spherically Symmetric Layer 6.