Progress in Atomic Spectroscopy: Part D

'of Part D.- 1 Laser-Microwave Spectroscopy.- 1. Introduction.- 1.1. Classical Experiments with Radiofrequency Transitions.- 1.2. Lasers versus Classical Light Sources in rf Spectroscopy Experiments.- 2. Classification of Laser-Microwave Spectroscopy.- 2.1. General Considerations.- 2.2. Classification.- 2.3. Resume.- 3. Measurements Based on Optical Pumping.- 3.1. Experiments with Resonance Cells.- 3.2. Particle-Beam Techniques.- 3.3. Spectroscopy of Trapped Ions.- 3.4. Experiments in Solids.- 4. Measurements Based on Double Resonance.- 4.1. Low-Lying (Short-Lived) Excited States.- 4.2. Rydberg States.- 5. Measurements Based on Nonlinear Phenomena.- 5.1. General Considerations.- 5.2. Experiments with Resonance Vessels.- 5.3. Particle Beam Experiments.- 6. Other Schemes.- 7. Laser-Microwave Heterodyne Techniques for Spectroscopic Purposes.- 7.1. Frequency-Offset Locking.- 7.2. Laser Light Modulation and Side Band Tuning.- 7.3. Various Other Schemes.- 8. Concluding Remarks.- References.- 2 Collinear Fast-Beam Laser Spectroscopy.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Basic Concept and Experimental Realization.- 3. Experiments Based on the Doppler Effect.- 3.1. Beam Velocity Analysis.- 3.2. High-Voltage Measurement and Calibration.- 3.3. Relativistic Doppler Shift.- 4. Spectroscopic Studies.- 4.1. Experimental Details.- 4.2. Laser-rf and Related Techniques.- 4.3. Nonlinear Spectroscopy.- 4.4. Transient Phenomena.- 4.5. Spectroscopic Results.- 5. Spectroscopy on Unstable Isotopes.- 5.1. Hyperfine Structure and Isotope Shifts.- 5.2. Review of Experiments.- 5.3. Experimental Setup and Procedure.- 5.4. Results in Nuclear Physics.- 5.5. Higher Sensitivity by Ionization.- 5.6. Implantation of Polarized Atoms.- 6. Conclusion.- References.- 3 Radiofrequency Spectroscopy of Rydberg Atoms.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Rydberg Atoms.- 3. Core Polarization and Penetration.- 3.1. Fine Structure.- 3.2. The Stark Effect in Alkali Atoms.- 4. Experimental Techniques.- 4.1. Quantum Beats.- 4.2. Optical Spectroscopy.- 4.3. Radiofrequency Resonance.- 4.4. Optical Detection.- 4.5. Selective Field Ionization.- 4.6. Delayed Field Ionization.- 4.7. Selective Resonance Ionization.- 4.8. Applicability.- 5. Overview of the Results Obtained.- 5.1. Quantum Defects-Core Polarization.- 5.2. The Nonadiabatic Effects in Alkaline Earth Atoms.- 5.3. Fine Structure Intervals of Alkali Atoms.- 5.4. Applications.- References.- 4 Rydberg Series of Two-Electron Systems Studied by Hyperfine Interactions.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Experimental Techniques.- 2.1. Atomic Beam Experiments.- 2.2. Experiments Using Vapor Cells.- 3. Even-Parity Rydberg Series of Alkaline-Earth Elements.- 3.1. msns1,3S Rydberg Series of Ca (m = 4), Sr (m = 5), and Ba (m = 6).- 3.2. msnd1,3D Rydberg Series of Ca, Sr, and Ba.- 4. Odd-Parity Rydberg Series of Alkaline-Earth Elements.- 4.1. Hyperfine Structure and Singlet-Triplet Mixing of 6snp1P1 Ba Rydberg States.- 4.2. Hyperfine Structure of 6snf3F Rydberg Series of 137Ba.- 4.3. Hyperfine-Induced Singlet-Triplet Mixing of 3snf1,3F Rydberg States of 25Mg.- 5. Hyperfine Structure and Isotope Shifts of Rydberg States of Other Two-Electron Systems.- 5.1. 6snl Rydberg Series of Yb.- 5.2. 1sns and 1snd Rydberg States of 3He.- 6. Conclusion.- References.- 5 Parity Nonconservation in Atoms.- 1. Introduction.- 1.1. The Weak Interaction-Charged Currents and Neutral Currents.- 1.2. Atomic Structure and Parity Nonconservation.- 1.3. Optical Rotation and Circular Dichroism.- 2. Theory.- 2.1. A Simple Calculation.- 2.2. Effect in Heavy Atoms.- 2.3. Transitions of Interest.- 3. Circular Dichroism and Optical Rotation-Rigorous Discussion.- 3.1. PNC-Stark Interference.- 4. Optical Rotation Experiments.- 4.1. Angle Resolution.- 4.2. Faraday Rotation.- 4.3. The Seattle Optical Rotation Experiments.- 4.4. Results of the Seattle Bismuth Experiment.- 4.5. Measurements on the 1.28-?m Line of Atomic