Civil Engineering Design for Decommissioning of Nuclear Installations

1. Introduction.- 2. Conclusions and Recommendations.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 Gas Cooled Reactor Systems.- 2.3 Light Water Cooled Reactor Systems.- 2.4 Summary of Recommendations.- 3. Literature Review.- 4. Refurbishing.- 5. Problems of Decommissioning Gas Cooled Reactor Systems.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 Technical Problems.- 5.3 Philosophical Problems.- 6. Possible Features to Aid Decommissioning of Gas Cooled Reactor Systems.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 Reactor Core Shielding.- 6.3 Planes of Weakness.- 6.4 Features to Facilitate Forceful Break-up.- 6.5 Selective Use and Location of Materials.- 6.6 Removal of Liner and Penetrations.- 7. Planes of Weakness.- 7.1 Introduction.- 7.2 Service Load Conditions.- 7.3 Seismic Loading.- 7.4 Ultimate Load Conditions.- 7.5 Attachment of Liners.- 7.6 Formation of Planes of Weakness.- 8. Removal of Liner and Penetrations.- 8.1 Introduction.- 8.2 Freestanding Liners.- 8.3 Grouted Liners.- 8.4 Liner Insulation.- 8.5 Removal of Standpipes.- 9. Decommissioning of Light Water Cooled Reactor Systems.- 9.1 Introduction.- 9.2 Typical PWR Station Layout.- 9.3 Regions of Highest Radiological Hazard.- 9.4 Decommissioning Scenarios.- 9.5 Existing Structural Features of a PWR which may aid Decommissioning.- 9.6 Structural Features that might be introduced into Future PWR Stations to aid Decommissioning.- 10. References.- 11. Acknowledgements.- 12. Tables and Figures.- Appendix A - Supplementary Information.