Electrifying Finland: The Transfer of a New Technology into a Late Industrialising Economy

Part 1 Introduction: the scope of the study; the build-up of a new technology - some theoretical notes; the objectives of the study. Part 2 An outline of Finnish electrification: a background view; the formative years; diversification; the emergence of foreign involvement; Finnish hydropower, the Russian market and foreign business; the wartime energy crisis; regional power systems in the interwar period; electricity supply in distress; the post-war hydropower boom; restructuring electricity production. Part 3 Electricity supply: supply factors; labour force and technical education; hydropower; steam power; other prime movers; electrical equipment; the financing of investments; electricity generation; discussion. Part 4 Demand for electricity: demand factors; industry; transport; agriculture and rural electrification; the tertiary sector and households; price competition between fuels and electricity; discussion. Part 5 The interaction of electricity and the economy: linkages; the repercussions of electrification; electricity and economic growth. Part 6 Conclusions: the theme of the study; the pace of electrification; the channels for technology transfer.