HVDC and FACTS Controllers: Applications of Static Converters in Power Systems

Preface. Acronyms. 1: Introduction to HVDC Transmission. 1.1. Introduction. 1.2. Comparison of AC-DC Transmission. 1.3. Types of HVDC Systems. 1.4. References. 2: Types of Converters. 2.1. Introduction. 2.2. Current Source Converters (CSC). 2.3. Voltage Source Converters (VSC). 2.4. Closing Remarks. 2.5. References. 3: Synchronization Techniques for Power Converters. 3.1. Introduction. 3.2. Review of GFUs. 3.3. GFUs - Design And Analysis. 3.4. Tests On GFUs. 3.5. EMTP Simulation Of A Test System. 3.6. Conclusions. 3.7. Acknowledgement. 3.8. References. 4: HVDC Controls. 4.1. Historical Background. 4.2. Functions of HVDC Controls. 4.3. Control Basics for a Two-terminal DC Link. 4.4. Current Margin Control Method. 4.5. Current Control at the Rectifier. 4.6. Inverter Extinction Angle Control. 4.7. Hierarchy of Controls. 4.8. Action By Controls After a Disturbance. 4.9. References. 5: Forced Commutated HVDC Converters. 5.1. Introduction. 5.2. Commutation Techniques for HVDC Converters. 5.3. Examples of FC Converters for HVDC Transmission. 5.4. References. 6: Capacitor Commutated Converters for HVDC Systems. 6.1. Capacitor Commutated Converters (CCC). 6.2. Controlled Series Capacitor Converter (CSCC). 6.3. Comparison of CCC and CSCC. 6.4. Garabi Interconnection between Argentina-Brazil. 6.5. Closing Remarks. 6.6. Acknowledgement. 6.7. References. 7: Static Compensators: STATCOM Based on Chain-Link Converters. 7.1. Introduction. 7.2. The Chainlink Converter. 7.3. Advantages of the Chain Circuit STATCOM. 7.4. Design for Production. 7.5. Acknowledgement. 7.6. References. 8: HVDC Systems Using Voltage Source Converters. 8.1. Introduction. 8.2. Basic Elements of HVDC using VSCs. 8.3. Voltage Source Converter. 8.4. Applications. 8.5. Tjaereborg Windpower Project in Denmark. 8.6. Power Supply to Remote Locations (i.e. Islands). 8.7. Asynchronous Inter-Connections. 8.8. Concluding Remarks. 8.9. Acknowledgement. 8.10. References. 9: Active Filters. 9.1. Introduction. 9.2. DC Filters. 9.3. AC Filters. 9.4. Concluding Remarks. 9.5. Acknowledgement. 9.6. References. 10: Typical Disturbances in HVDC Systems. 10.1. Introduction. 10.2. CIGRE Benchmark Model for HVDC Control Studies. 10.3. Details of Control Systems Used. 10.4. Results. 10.5. Closing Remarks. 10.6. Acknowledgement. 10.7. References. 11: Advanced Controllers. 11.1. Introduction. 11.2. Application of an Advanced VDCL Unit. 11.3. Conclusions. 11.4. Acknowledgement. 11.5. References. 12: Measurement/Monitoring Aspects. 12.1. Introduction.