Equivalence Checking of Digital Circuits: Fundamentals, Principles, Methods

Acknowledgements. 1: Introduction. 1. Tasks in verification processes. 2. Equivalence checking. 3. Structure of the book. 4. The audience. Part I: Fundamentals. 2: Preliminaries. 1. Basic notations. 2. Boolean algebra. 3. Boolean functions. 4. Pseudo-Boolean functions. 3: Representation of Functions. 1. Desirable properties of representations. 2. Traditional representations of Boolean functions. 3. Binary decision diagrams. 4. Representations of pseudo-Boolean functions. Part II: Equivalency Checking of Combinational Circuits. 4: Use of Canonical Representations. 1. Synthesizing ROBDDs and BMDs. 2. Problems arising when using one of these methodologies. 5: SAT and ATPG Based Equivalence Checking. 1. SAT based equivalence checking. 2. ATPG based equivalence checking. 6: Exploiting Similarities. 1. The basic idea. 2. Partitioning the problem into a set of smaller and simpler equivalence checking problems. 3. Using internal equivalences to simplify large miters. 4. Finding internal equivalences. 7: Partial Implementations; Chr. Scholl, B. Becker. 1. Symbolic Z -simulation. 2. Symbolic Z i - simulation. 8: Permutation Independent Boolean Comparison. 1. The problem. 2. Signatures. 3. Examples of signatures. 4. Limits of signatures. 5. Special kinds of G -Symmetries. Part III: Equivalence Checking of Sequential Circuits. 9: Basic Definitions and Algorithms. 1. Finite State Machines and their representations. 2. Equivalence of Finite State Machines. 3. State space traversal. 10: Latch Correspondence Problem. 1. Problem description. 2. Signatures. Index.