Sediment Transport: A Geophysical Phenomenon

1 Introduction, 1.2 The phenomenon and its main parameters; 1.3 The topography of a drainage area; 1.4 Modeling the phenomenon; 2. The classical representation of the sediment transport; 2.1 The representation of the flow; 2.2 The classical bed load theories; 3 Turbulence and the statistical aspects of the sediment transport; 3.1 The incipient motion; 3.2 Statistical bed load models; 3.3 Transport in suspension; 3.4 The total sediment transport; 3.5 Critical remarks; 4 Saturation and asymptotic states; 4.1 Sediment transport as a dynamical process; 4.2 Hypotheses of extremum principle; 4.3 The expanded description of grass; 4.4 Limitations; 5 Problematic issues; 5.1 Assumptions and consequences of rheological nature; 5.2 Non-local properties of the flow field; 5.3 Non-linear processes; 6 Scales; 6.1 The river as a system and its hydrological scales; 6.2 The scaling of the turbulent flow; 7 Roughness and roughness elements; 7.1 Similarity consideration in the Range of constant wallshear stress; 7.2 Sand roughness; 7.3 d-roughness; 7.4 Real roughness; 8 Flow-separation, topology and vortical dynamics; 8.1 Flow separation; 8.2 Basics in topology; 8.3 Separation bubbles; 8.4 Vortex tubes and vortex interactions; 9 Fine-sand dynamics; 9.1 Stable beds and incipient motion; 9.2 Sediment stripes as a bed form; 9.3 The arrowhead like bed forms; 9.4 The ripple formation; 9.5 Dunes of fine-sand; 9.6 Antidunes; 10 Mixtures of medium grain sizes; 10.1 Armoring; 10.2 Turbulence dominated sediment transport; 10.3 Sediment transport dominated by separation; 10.4 Induced secondary flows; 10.5 Bed forms due to sorting effects; 11 Gravel beds; 11.1 Transport processes on gravel beds; 11.2 Separation versus turbulence; 11.3 Bed forms in gravel beds; 11.4 Complexity and outlooks; 12 Data and strategies to calculate sediment transport; 12.1 The input parameters; 12.2 Coherent structures;12.3 Turbulent flows; 12.4 Flow with separations; 12.5 Suspended load; 12.6 The significance of experiments for the simulations; 13 Literature; 14 Appendix; 14.1 Albert Einstein's letter of recommendation for his son; 14.2 Tables; 14.3 Graphs; 14.4 Symbols; 15 Subject Index