Thin Film Device Applications

1. Thin Film Technology. An Introduction.- 1.1. Why Thin Films?.- 1.2. Thin Film Growth Process.- 1.2.1. Structural Consequences of the Growth Process.- 1.2.2. Solubility Relaxation.- 1.3. Vapor Deposition Techniques.- 1.3.1. Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD).- 1.3.2. Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD).- 1.4. Solution Deposition Techniques.- 1.4.1. Chemical Solution Deposition (CSD).- 1.4.2. Electrochemical Deposition (ECD).- 1.5. Thick Film Deposition Techniques.- 1.5.1. Liquid-Phase Epitaxy (LPE).- 1.5.2. Screen Printing.- 1.5.3. Melt Spinning.- 1.5.4. Dip Coating, Spinning, and Solution Casting.- 1.6. Monitoring and Analytical Techniques.- 1.6.1. General Remarks.- 1.6.2. Deposition Rate and Thickness Measurement.- 1.6.3. Structural Analysis.- 1.6.4. Composition Analysis.- 1.7. Microfabrication Techniques.- 2. Thin Films In Optics.- 2.1. Optics of Thin Films.- 2.2. Antireflection Coatings (AR Coatings).- 2.2.1. Single-Layer AR Coatings.- 2.2.2. Double-Layer AR Coatings.- 2.2.3. Multilayer and Inhomogeneous AR Coatings.- 2.3. Reflection Coatings.- 2.3.1. Metal Reflectors.- 2.3.2. All-Dielectric Reflectors.- 2.4. Interference Filters.- 2.4.1. Edge Filters.- 2.4.2. Band-Pass Filters.- 2.5. Thin Film Polarizers.- 2.6. Beam Splitters.- 2.6.1. Polarizing Beam Splitter.- 2.6.2. Dichroic Beam Splitter.- 2.7. Integrated Optics.- 2.7.1. Waveguides.- 2.7.2. Thin Film Optical Components.- 2.7.3. Passive Devices: Couplers.- 2.7.4. Active Devices.- 3. Optoelectronic Applications.- 3.1. Introduction.- 3.2. Photon Detectors.- 3.2.1. Photoconductive Detectors.- 3.2.2. Photoemissive Detectors.- 3.3. Photovoltaic Devices.- 3.3.1. Solar Cells: General Analysis.- 3.3.2. Thin Film Solar Cells.- 3.4. Applications in Imaging.- 3.5. Electrophotography (Xerography and Electrofax).- 3.6. Thin Film Displays.- 3.6.1. Electroluminescent (EL) Displays.- 3.6.2. Electrochromic Displays.- 3.7. Information Storage Devices.- 3.7.1. Introduction.- 3.7.2. Optical Hole Memories.- 3.7.3. Holographic Memories.- 3.8. Amorphous Silicon-Based Devices.- 4. Microelectronic Applications.- 4.1. Introduction.- 4.2. Thin Film Passive Components.- 4.2.1. Electrical Behavior of Metal Films.- 4.2.2. Dielectric Behavior of Insulator Films.- 4.2.3. Resistors.- 4.2.4. Capacitors.- 4.2.5. Inductors.- 4.2.6. Conductors (Interconnections and Contacts).- 4.3. Thin Film Active Components.- 4.3.1. Thin Film Transistor (TFT).- 4.3.2. Thin Film Diodes.- 4.4. Thin Film Integrated Circuits.- 4.5. Microwave Integrated Circuits (MICs).- 4.6. Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) Devices.- 4.6.1. Introduction.- 4.6.2. SAW Transducer.- 4.6.3. SAW Delay Line.- 4.6.4. SAW Band-Pass Filter.- 4.6.5. SAW Pulse-Compression Filter.- 4.6.6. SAW Amplifier.- 4.6.7. SAW Guiding Components.- 4.6.8. Other Applications.- 4.7. Charge-Coupled Devices (CCDs).- 4.7.1. Introduction.- 4.7.2. Principle.- 4.7.3. Applications.- 4.8. Thin Film Strain Gauges.- 4.9. Gas Sensors.- 5. Magnetic Thin Film Devices.- 5.1. Magnetic Thin Films.- 5.1.1. Introduction.- 5.1.2. Uniaxial Anisotropy (UA).- 5.1.3. Domains and Domain Walls.- 5.1.4. Switching in Thin Films.- 5.2. Applications.- 5.2.1. Computer Memories.- 5.2.2. Domain-Motion Devices.- 5.2.3. Thin Film Magnetic Heads.- 5.2.4. Magnetic Displays.- 6. Quantum Engineering Applications.- 6.1. Introduction.- 6.2. Basic Concepts.- 6.3. Superconductivity in Thin Films.- 6.4. S-N Transition Devices.- 6.4.1. Switching Devices.- 6.4.2. Cryotron Amplifiers.- 6.4.3. Computer Memory Devices.- 6.5. Superconductive Tunneling Devices.- 6.5.1. Quasiparticle (Giaever) Tunneling.- 6.5.2. Pair (Josephson) Tunneling.- 6.5.3. SQUIDs.- 6.5.4. Applications of SQUIDs.- 6.5.5. Superconducting Electronics.- 6.6. Miscellaneous Applications.- 7. Thermal Devices.- 7.1. Introduction.- 7.2. Thermal Detectors.- 7.2.1. Bolometers and Thermometers.- 7.2.2. Thermocouples and Thermopiles.- 7.2.3. Pyroelectric Detectors.- 7.2.4. Absorption-Edge Thermal Detectors.- 7.3. Thermal Imaging Applications.- 7.4. Photothermal C