Handbook of Force Transducers: Characteristics and Applications

The International System of Units (SI) and the Place of "Force" in European, Asian and American Graphic Representations. The New SI (2019).- Metrological Characteristics in the Measurement Process, with Examples in Weighing Cells.- General Classification of the Electrical Methods and Principles for Measuring Mechanical Quantities.- Application of Electromagnetic and Optical Methods in Small Force Sensing.- Strain Gauges - Resistive and Other Principles.- Wheatstone Bridges - Basic and Similar Configurations.- Evolution of Strain Gauge Force Transducers - Design, Fabrication, Testing, Calibration and Databases.- Testing Equipment to Investigate Elastic Constants of Rocks and Composites.- Static and Dynamic Stiffness in Connection with Ball Screws and Reinforced Concrete Components.- Methods and Means for Measuring Cables Tension.- Measurement of the Axial Loads Transmitted to the Foundation by High Voltage Circuit Breakers when Acting.- A New Weigh-in-Motion and Traffic Monitoring System.- Robotic and Biomedical Applications Related to Human Hands.- Multifunctional Transducers for Force and Other Non-Electrical Quantities.- Multicomponent Force and Moment Transducers.- Equipment for Determining Aerodynamic Forces on Flapping Wings.- Strain Gauge Balances for Testing Car and Flight Models in Wind-Tunnel Applications.- Recent Evolution of Smart Force Transducers.- New Achievements in the Field of Intelligent Force Transducers. Traceability.- Virtual Instrumentation and Force Transducer for Measurements in Dentistry.- A Supplement on Photoelastic and Digital Techniques in Force Measurements.