Boiler Operators Handbook

1 Fuels in Common Use.- Coal.- Calorific value.- Sizes.- Ash.- Moisture.- Sulphur.- Coke.- Liquid fuels.- Gaseous fuels.- 2 Combustion.- Combustion in practice.- Air supply in practice.- Combustion of coal on a grate.- Burning oil, gas and pulverised fuel.- Flames.- Flame type.- 3 Water and Steam.- Steam raising.- Definition of terms.- Water.- Priming (causes and treatment).- 4 Boiler Efficiency and Heat Transfer.- Boiler thermal efficiency.- Gross or higher calorific value.- Heat losses.- Heat lost in flue gases.- Effect of raising flue gas temperature.- Air supply.- Flue gas temperature.- Dirty heat transfer surfaces.- Boiler load.- Carbon in ash.- Heat lost in dust and fly ash.- Radiation and other losses.- General fuel efficiency within the boiler house.- Operating efficiency.- Heat transfer.- Boiler heat recovery plant.- Feedwater economisers.- Superheaters.- Air heaters.- Cleaning heat transfer surfaces.- 5 Boiler Types.- Vertical boiler.- Horizontal boiler.- Packaged boilers.- Locomotive boiler.- Thermal storage boiler.- Water-tube boiler.- Forced circulation boiler.- Steam generators.- Sectional boilers for central heating.- Automatic or magazine boiler.- 6 Principles of Solid Fuel Firing.- Hand firing.- Fuelbed thickness.- Methods of firing.- Firing tools.- Grate or firebars.- Reducing the grate area.- Recovering unburned fuel.- Clinker prevention.- Cleaning fires.- Banking.- 7 Mechanical Firing.- Types of mechanical stoker.- Sprinkler.- Coking.- Chaingrate.- Automatic controls.- Underfeed.- Maintenance of mechanical stokers.- Vekos automatic auxiliary furnace.- 8 Pulverised Fuel.- Drying the fuel.- Conveyors and storage.- Pulverised fuel burners.- Ash handling.- 9 Liquid Fuels.- Delivery, handling and storage.- Fuel oil systems.- Oil heaters and filters.- Liquid fuel burners.- Burner maintenance.- Care of burners when shutting down.- Carbon deposit.- 10 Gaseous fuels.- Natural gas.- Liquid petroleum gases.- Combustion characteristics.- Types of burner for use with natural gas.- General.- 11 Central Heating: What the Caretaker Should Know.- Plant operation.- Draught control.- Repairs.- Air inlet to boiler room.- Tools.- Fuel.- Operating Procedure.- 12 Automatic Control and Instruments.- Automatic control.- Safety function.- Functional control.- Anticipatory/sequential control.- General.- Instruments.- 13 Safety.- Statutory safety equipment for boiler plant.- Boiler safety.- Notes on safety valves arising from insurance co. requirements for steam boilers.- Water gauges.- Gauge glass drill.- Automatically controlled steam and hot water boilers.- Blowing down of water level controls.- Other safety aspects.- General safety points.- Conclusion.- 14 The Clean Air Act.- Smoke.- Smoke control areas.- Grit emission and dispersion of combustion products.- Chimney height.- Acid smut formation.- Grit arrestor.