Intakes and Outfalls for Seawater Reverse-Osmosis Desalination Facilities: Innovations and Environme

Section I. Intakes.- Overview of intake systems for seawater reverse osmosis for seawater reverse osmosis systems.- Design considerations for tunneled seawater intakes.- Sydney and Gold Coast desalination plant intake design, construction and operating experience.- Impingement and entrainment at SWRO desalination facility intakes.- Passive screen intakes: Design, construction operation, and environmental impacts.- Effects of intake depth on raw seawater quality in the Red Sea.- Coastal evaluation and planning for development of subsurface intake systems.- Well intakes for SWRO systems: Design and limitations.- Effects of well intake systems on removal of algae, bacteria, and natural organic matter.- Self-cleaning beach intake galleries: Design and global applications.- Feasibility and design of seabed gallery intake systems along the Red Sea coast of Saudi Arabia with discussion of design criteria and methods.- Feasibility and design of seabed gallery intake systems along the Arabian Gulf coast of Saudi Arabia with a discussion on gallery intake use for the entire Arabian Gulf region.- Slant well intake systems: Design and construction.- Optimal siting of shallow subsurface intake technologies.- Innovations in design and operation of SWRO intake systems.- Section II. Outfalls.- Overview of coastal discharges from brine, heat and wastewater.- Near field flow dynamics of concentrate discharges and diffuser.- Tiered modelling approach for desalination effluent discharges.- New criteria for brine discharge outfalls from desalination plants.- Design of brine diffusers for the Gold Coast and Sydney, Australia and results of environmental monitoring.- Concentrated brine and heat dispersion into coastal shallow waters of the Arabian Gulf.- Far-field ocean conditions and concentrate discharge modeling along the Saudi coast of the Red Sea.- Observing, monitoring and evaluating the effects of discharge plumes in coastal regions.- Innovations in design and monitoring of desalination discharges.