Monoethylene Glycol as Hydrate Inhibitor in Offshore Natural Gas Processing: From Fundamentals to Ex

1. Introduction

2. Hydrate Formation and Inhibition in Offshore Natural Gas Processing

3. MEG Loops in Offshore Natural Gas Fields

4. Thermodynamics of Glycol Systems

5. MRU Processes

5.1. Traditional Process (TP)

5.2. Full-Stream Process

6. Energy consumption and CO₂ Emission of MRU Processes

6.1. MRU Process Assumptions

6.1.1. Power, Heating and Cooling Resources Available to Offshore MRUs

6.2. TP Implementation

6.3. FS Implementation

6.4. SS Implementation

6.5. Heat, Power, Utility Consumptions and CO₂ Emissions Results

7. Thermodynamic Efficiency of Steady State Operations of MRUs

7.1. Thermodynamic Efficiency of Binary Distillation Column

7.1.1. Determination of Steady-State Operation Reflux Ratio and Corresponding Heat Duties

7.1.2. Minimum Power Required for Steady-State Separation at Constant T & P

7.1.3. Actual Equivalent Power Consumption of a Steady-State Binary Distillation Column via the Method of Carnot Equivalent Cycles

7.1.4. Thermodynamic Efficiency of a Steady-State Binary Distillation Column

7.2. Multicomponent Distillation Column with Specified Propylene-Propane Sharp Cut

7.2.1. Design of Steady-State Multicomponent Distillation: Determination of Size, Reflux Ratio,Feed Location and Heat Duties

7.2.2. Minimum Power Required for Steady-State Propylene-Propane Separation

7.2.3. Actual Equivalent Power Consumption of Steady-State Propylene-Propane Distillation Column via the Method of Carnot Equivalent Cycles

7.2.4. Thermodynamic Efficiency of a Steady-State Propylene-Propane Distillation Column

7.3. Thermodynamic Efficiency of a Steady-State Process with Several Power Consuming Operations

8. Exergy Analysis of Chemical Processes

8.1. Steady-State Chemical Processes

9. Exergy Analysis of MRU Processes in Offshore Platforms

9.1. RER Approach #1

9.2. RER Approach #2

9.3. Results of Exergy Analysis of MRUs

9.4. Consistency Cross-Check of Exergy Analysis

11. Energy Performance versus Exergy Performance of MRU Processes

11.1. Modification of MRU Processes for Better Exergy Usage under Constant Energy Usage

12. Concluding Remarks