Introduction to Computer Networking

1 Introduction to Networks 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Achieving Connectivity 1.2.1 Coaxial Cable 1.2.2 Twisted Pair Wiring 1.2.3 Fiber Optics 1.2.4 Microwave Line of Sight 1.2.5 Satellites 1.2.6 Cellular Systems 1.2.7 Ad Hoc Networks 1.2.8 Wireless Sensor Networks 1.3 Multiplexing 1.3.1 Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM) 1.3.2 Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) 1.3.3 Frequency Hopping 1.3.4 Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum 1.4 Circuit Switching Versus Packet Switching 1.5 Layered Protocols 2 Ethernet 2.1 Introduction 2.2 10 Mbps Ethernet 2.3 Fast Ethernet 2.4 Gigabit Ethernet 2.5 10 Gigabit Ethernet 2.6 40/100 Gigabit Ethernet 2.6.1 40/100 Gigabit Technology 2.7 Higher Ethernet Speeds 2.7.1 Introduction 2.7.2 The Road to Higher Speeds 2.8 Conclusion 3 InfiniBand 3.1 Introduction 3.2 A First Look 3.3 The InfiniBand Protocol 3.4 InniBand for HPC 3.5 Other RDMA Implementations 3.6 Conclusion 4 Wireless Networks 4.1 Introduction 4.2 802.11 WiFi 4.2.1 The Original 802.11 Standard 4.2.2 Foundational 802.11 Versions 4.2.3 More Recent 802.11 Versions 4.3 802.15 Bluetooth 4.3.1 Technically Speaking 4.3.2 Ad Hoc Networking 4.3.3 Versions of Bluetooth 4.3.4 802.15.4, ZigBee and 802.15.4e 4.3.5 Wireless Body Area Networks and 802.15.6 4.3.6 Bluetooth Security 4.4 802.16 WiMax 4.5 LTE: Long Term Evolution 4.5.1 Introduction 4.5.2 LTE 4.5.3 LTE Advanced 4.5.4 Towards 5G 4.6 Conclusion 5 Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Technical Details 5.3 Traffic Engineering 5.4 Fault Management 5.5 GMPLS 5.6 MPLS-TP 6 Optical Networks for Telecommunications 6.1 SONET 6.1.1 SONET Architecture 6.1.2 Self-Healing Rings 6.2 Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) 6.2.1 History and Technology 6.2.2 Switching 6.3 Optical Transport Networks 6.4 Flexible/Elastic Optical Networks 6.4.1 Numerical Examples 6.4.2 Network Characteristics 6.4.3 Routing and Spectrum Allocation 6.5 Passive Optical Networks (PONs) 6.5.1 Time Division Multiplexing PON 6.5.2 Wavelength Division Multiplexing PON 6.5.3 OFDM PON 6.6 Orbital Angular Momentum 7 Software-Defined Networking 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Classic Internet Architecture 7.3 SDN Architecture 7.4 Development of SDN 7.5 OpenFlow 7.6 Two Issues 7.7 Standards 8 Networks on Chips 8.1 Introduction 8.2 A Network on Chip: The Mesh 8.2.1 Switching Alternatives 8.3 Other NOC Interconnection Networks 8.3.1 Introduction 8.3.2 Mesh, Toroidal and Related Networks 8.3.3 Some Other Interconnection Networks 9 Space Networking 9.1 SpaceWire 9.1.1 Background 9.1.2 SpaceWire in Detail 9.1.3 Some Configurations 9.2 SpaceFibre 9.2.1 Background 9.2.2 SpaceFibre in More Detail 9.2.3 Protocol Stack 9.3 Space Communications 9.3.1 Background 9.3.2 Deep Space Networks 9.3.3 Delay/Disruption Tolerant Networks 10 Grids, Clouds and Data Centers 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Grids 10.2.1 Introduction 10.2.2 Grid Issues 10.2.3 Grid Architecture and More 10.3 Clouds 10.3.1 Introduction 10.3.2 Trade-offs for Cloud Computing 10.3.3 Cloud Principles 10.3.4 Cloud Monitoring 10.3.5 Resource Provisioning 10.3.6 Mobile Cloud Computing 10.3.7 Cloud Reliability/Resilency 10.3.8 Cloud Security 10.4 Data Centers 10.4.1 Introduction 10.4.2 Racks 10.4.3 Networking Support 10.4.4 Storage 10.4.5 Electrical and Cooling Support 10.4.6 Management Support 10.4.7 Security 10.5 Conclusion 11 AES and Quantum Cryptography 11.1 Introduction 11.2 AES 11.2.1 Introduction 11.2.2 DES 11.2.3 Choosing AES 11.2.4 The AES Algorithm 11.2.5 AES Issues 11.3 Quantum Cryptography 11.3.1 Introduction 11.3.2 Quantum Physics 11.3.3 Quantum Communication 11.3.4 Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) 11.3.5 Post-Quantum Cryptography 11.4 Conclusion 12 Bibliography