Microelectronic Circuit Design for Energy Harvesting Systems

Introduction 1.1 Fundamentals 1.2 Sensors and Transducers 1.2.1 Temperature sensors 1.2.2 Magnetic field sensors 1.2.3 Potentiometers 1.2.4 Light Detection 1.3 Communications Cabling 1.3.1 Noise 1.4 Parameters 1.4.1 Noise 1.4.2 Settling time 1.4.3 DC input characteristics References The fundamentals of Energy Harvesting 2.1 What's Energy? 2.2 Why Energy Harvesting? 2.3 Free Energy 2.4 Power Management Unit 2.5 Storage systems References Input Energy 3.1 Mechanical energy 3.2 Thermal Energy 3.3 Electromagnetic energy 3.4 Space Radiation 3.5 Solar Radiation 3.5.1 Photovoltaic cell References Electromagnetic transducers 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Electromagnetic Waves and Antenna 4.3 System Design References Piezoelectric transducers 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Materials 5.3 Model 5.4 System design References Thermoelectric transducers 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Seebeck and Peltier effect 6.3 Potential 6.4 Charges in a semiconductor with a temperature gradient 6.5 Thermoelectric effect 6.6 Thomson effect 6.7 Thermoelectric generator 6.8 Materials 6.9 Figure of merit References Electrostatic transducers 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Physical phenomena 7.3 Switching system 7.4 Continuos systems 7.5 Design References Powering microsystem 8.1 Power conditioning 8.2 Rectifier circuit 8.2.1 Bridge rectifier circuit 8.2.2 Zener diode as voltage regulator 8.2.3 Considerations 8.3 Piezoelectric biasing 8.4 Voltage Control 8.5 MPPT 8.6 Architecture 8.7 DC-DC systems 8.7.1 Linear regulators 8.7.2 Switching regulators 8.7.3 Buck converter 8.7.4 Boost converter 8.7.5 Buck-boost converter 8.7.6 Armstrong Oscillator 8.8 Load matching 8.9 AC-DC Systems 8.10 Electrical storage buffer 8.10.1 Supercapacitors References Low power circuits 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Review of Microelectronics 9.2.1 Basic of semiconductor's physics 9.2.2 PN Junction 9.2.3 Diode 9.2.4 Bipolar Transistor: Emitter Follower 9.2.5 MOS Transistor 9.2.6 Differential Amplifiers 9.2.7 Feedback 9.2.8 Effects of feedback 9.2.9 Digital CMOS Circuits 9.2.10 CMOS Inverter 9.2.11 Current Mirror 9.2.12 Ideal Current Mirror 9.2.13 Current Mirror BJT/MOS 9.3 Low power MOSFET 9.3.1 General characteristics of a MOSFET 9.3.2 Mosfet Power Control 9.3.3 Stage of Amplification 9.3.4 Common Source 9.4 Analog Circuits 9.5 Operational Amplifier 9.6 Power supply and rejection 9.7 Low noise pre-amplifiers References Low-power solutions for biomedical / mobile devices 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Design of Wearable devices 10.3 RF Solutions for Mobile 10.3.1 Ferrite rod antenna 10.3.2 Circular spiral inductor antenna 10.3.3 Folded dipole 10.3.4 Microstrip Antenna 10.4 Power management 10.5 Ultra-low Power 2.4GHz RF Energy Harvesting and Storage System References Applications of Energy Harvesting 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Building Automation 11.3 Environmental monitoring 11.4 Structural Health monitoring 11.5 Automotive 11.6 Projects 11.7 Solar Infrastructure 11.8 Wind energy 11.9 Conclusions References Index