Perspectives in Ethology: Volume 2

1 Sociosexual Development in Primates.- I. Abstract.- II. Introduction.- A. Definitions.- B. Age Categories.- III. Infancy.- A. Thrusting and Mounting.- B. Intromission.- C. Orgasm.- D. Partner Selection.- E. Presentation Patterns and Genital Touching.- F. Restricted Rearing.- G. Hormones.- H. Conclusion.- IV. Juvenile Period.- A. Sequential Mountings.- B. Seasonal Patterns.- C. Partner Selection.- D. Posturing.- E. Contexts.- F. Interference and Imitation.- G. Restricted Rearing.- H. Conclusion.- V. Adolescence and Adulthood.- A. Male Group Change, Status, and Hormones.- B. Dominance and Mating.- C. Mature Copulatory Patterns in Males.- D. Other Adult Sociosexual Patterns.- E. Male-Male Sexual Behavior.- F. Incest and Cross-Species Copulation.- G. Old Age.- H. Restricted Rearing: Males.- I. Female Behavior: General.- J. Female Mounting.- K. Female Presenting.- L. Female Orgasm.- M. Restricted Rearing: Females.- VI. General Discussion.- A. Comparisons between Nonhuman Primates and Humans.- B. Research Suggestions.- C. Conclusion.- VII. Acknowledgments.- VIII. References.- 2 Homeostatic Motor Processes in Mammalian Interactions: A Choreography of Display.- I. Abstract.- II. Introduction.- III. The Dimensions.- IV. The Splicing of the Flow.- A. Definition of an Actual Elementary Movement.- B. The Necessity for At Least Two Descriptions.- C. The Possibility of Several Descriptions.- D. Anatomy and Movement.- V. The Connectedness of the Flow.- A. Temporal Connectedness.- B. Spaciotemporal Connectedness.- C. Anatomical Connectedness.- VI. Further Hypotheses and Future Fields of Study.- VII. Togetherness within Shared Routes of Convergence.- VIII. Summary.- IX. Acknowledgments.- X. References.- 3 Biological Rhythms as Information Channels in Interpersonal Communication Behavior.- I. Introduction.- II. Brain Rhythms.- III. Other Rhythms.- IV. Information Processing.- V. Research Procedures and Data.- VI. Summary and Discussion.- VII. References.- 4 Animal Play: Problems and Perspectives.- I. Abstract.- II. Introduction.- III. Theories of Play.- A. The Surplus Energy Theory.- B. The Practice Theory.- C. The "Arousal" Theory of Play.- IV. The Characterization of Social Play.- A. How Has Play Been Characterized?.- B. The Analysis of Temporal Sequences.- C. Are Actions Exaggerated When Performed During Play?.- D. Play and Anthropomorphism: Can Play Be Characterized as Being Pleasurable?.- V. The Communication of Play Intention.- VI. Conclusion.- VII. Acknowledgments.- VIII. References.- 5 Exercise, Play, and Physical Training in Animals.- I. Abstract.- II. Introduction.- III. Physical Exercise in Animal Play.- IV. Exercise Physiology and Training Responses.- V. Consequences of the Physical Training Hypothesis.- A. Why Playful Rather than Serious Forms of Activity?.- B. Age Dependence.- C. Play Deprivation and Exercise Deprivation.- D. Warmup.- E. Play with Familiar Objects.- F. Why Only Homoiotherms?.- VI. Aspects of Play Which the Physical Training Hypothesis Alone Does Not Explain.- A. Manipulative Play.- B. Social Play.- C. Diversive Play.- VII. Summary of Predictions.- VIII. Acknowledgments.- IX. References.- 6 My Descent from the Monkey.- 7 The Organization of Aggression and Fear in Vertebrates.- I. Abstract.- II. Introduction.- III. Conditioned Attack and Fear Behavior.- IV. Situations Evoking Unconditioned Attack or Fear Behavior.- A. Pain.- B. Individual Distance Intrusion.- C. "Territory": The Presence of a Novel Object in a Familiar Situation.- D. Presence of an Unfamiliar Environment.- E. Familiar Object in an Unfamiliar Place.- F. Frustrative Nonreward.- G. Thwarting.- H. Low Reinforcement Schedules.- I. Other Situations.- J. Other Types of Responses Evoked by these Situations.- V. Interaction of Situations Evoking Attack and Fear Behavior.- VI. Common Properties of Situations Evoking Attack and Fear Behavior.- VII. Internal Factors Affecting Decision Process 1.- A. Degree of Discrepancy between Observed and Expected Even