The Global Market for Investor Citizenship

Chapter 1: Introduction

Citizenship in the age of globalisation

The global market for investor citizenship: a novelty?

Road map of the book

Chapter 2: Citizenship and money: historical snapshots

Ancient Rome

The Middle Ages: loyalty to the city

Renaissance and Reformation: from citizens to subjects

Citizenship, revolutions and the rise of nations

Citizenship and post-colonialism: roots of the contemporary sale of passports

Citizenship, property and resilient states

Conclusion

Chapter 3: To sell or not to sell: the ethics of ius pecuniae

The sale of citizenship and the different citizenship traditions

The pros of ius pecuniae

The dark side of investor citizenship

Conclusion

Chapter 4:  A classification of investment-based citizenship programmes

Understanding the purposes of ius pecuniae policies

Discretionary attribution of citizenship to investors

Investor citizenship programmes

Path-to-citizenship programmes: facilitated and ordinary residence

Conclusion

Citizenship and global inequalities

A growing industry: multilayered networks in the investor citizenship market

The 'demand side' of the long-distance citizenship industry

Conclusion

Chapter 6: Ius pecuniae in a multilevel system: the European experience

Complexities of citizenship in nested polities

Mapping investment-based citizenship and residence schemes in the EU

Investor citizenship programmes in the EU

Investor residence programmes in the EU

Conclusion

Chapter 7: Conclusion

Contributions to comparative citizenship studies and avenues for future research