Future-Proofing Fuel Cells: Critical Raw Material Governance in Sustainable Energy

1 Introduction-Motivation for the Development of Sustainable Energy-Renewable Energy Technologies-The Critical Raw Materials / Energy Nexus oIntroduction to critical raw materials (CRMs)oRare earth elements and precious metalsoTheir applications in sustainable energy-Governance of CRMs and Sustainable TechnologiesoWhat are the key problems with critical materials? oHow are they governed at present?-Main Questions Addressed by this BookoWhat can we learn from existing technologies (i.e. solar, batteries, turbines)?oHow can this be applied to emerging technologies (i.e. fuel cells)?oHow can we overcome disciplinary "silo mentality"?
2 Critical Raw Materials (CRMs): Rare Earth Elements and Precious Metals-How are CRMs defined?oWhat are rare earth elements? oWhat are precious metals? oOther CRMs (e.g. Co, Li)-Abundance and geographical distribution-Broader applications of CRMs-Mining, refining, processing -Associated costs and environmental impact
3 Critical Raw Materials in Established Sustainable Technologies: Examples and Governance Perspectives-Wind turbines (dysprosium, praseodymium, neodymium)-Solar panels (lanthanum, neodymium and europium)-Battery electric vehicles (praseodymium, neodymium, lanthanum, cerium)-Catalysis (platinum, ruthenium, rhodium, iridium)-Perspectives on Governance
4 Critical Raw Materials in Low Temperature Fuel Cells -Introduction and Context-Development of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells (PEFCs)