Public Sector Performance and Development Cooperation in Rwanda: Results-Based Approaches

Abbreviations............................................................................................................................. IV

Contents..................................................................................................................................... VI

Boxes, Figures and Tables........................................................................................................ VII

Abstract....................................................................................................................................... 1

1.    Introduction......................................................................................................................... 2

1.1.    Conceptual Background and Purpose of the Study....................................................... 2

1.2.    Case Selection: Rwanda´s DPA - Imihigo...................................................................... 3

1.3.    Research Design and Used Methods............................................................................ 4

1.4.    Outline of the Report.................................................................................................... 8

2.    Theoretical Framework: RBApps......................................................................................... 8

2.1.    Conceptual Debates...................................................................................................... 8<

2.1.1.    Performance as in Public Sector Reform/New Public Management.................... 9

2.1.2.    Results as in Development Cooperation and Aid Effectiveness.......................... 10

2.2.    The Concept RBApp.................................................................................................... 12

2.2.1.    Actor Constellations............................................................................................. 12

2.2.2.    Characteristics..................................................................................................... 14

2.3.    RBApps and the Usage of Country Systems................................................................ 17

2.4.    Critique, Challenges and Limitations of RBApps........................................................ 18

2.4.1.    RBApps and development cooperation................................................................ 18

2.4.2.    Performance indicators....................................................................................... 19

2.4.3.    Incentive schemes................................................................................................ 20<

2.5.    Concluding Remarks................................................................................................... 21

3.    Case Study: Imihigo - a Traditional Rwandan Concept as a RBApp................................. 22

3.1.    Country Context.......................................................................................................... 23

3.2.    Actor Constellation..................................................................................................... 26

3.2.1.    Responsibilities at the Central and the District Level.......................................... 27

3.2.2.    Discussions........................................................................................................... 32

3.3.    Characteristics............................................................................................................ 33

3.3.1.    Target Setting....................................................................................................... 33

3.3.2.    Monitoring, Evaluation and Verification............................................................. 36

3.3.3.    Reward Mechanism............................................................................................. 39

3.4.    Concluding Remarks................................................................................................... 41

4.    Imihigo and Development Cooperation: What kind of relationship?............................... 43

4.1.    The Rwandan Aid Policy.............................................................................................. 43

4.2.    Imihigo: a Country System for Development Cooperation?....................................... 44

5.    Final Conclusion................................................................................................................. 49

References................................................................................................................................... I