Racial Profiling and the NYPD: The Who, What, When, and Why of Stop and Frisk

Table of ContentsAcknowledgmentsiiList of TablesvList of FiguresvINTRODUCTION1Progression of Text4Importance of this Work6Bibliography6CHAPTER ONE: IN THE SHADOW OF LADY LIBERTY8The Legal Basis for Stop-and-Frisk9Darker Days in The Big Apple13The Stop-and-Frisk Credit Contradiction14The Brownsville Blitz16Bringing up the Numbers17Bibliography19CHAPTER TWO: BROKEN WINDOWS OR BREAKING COMMUNITIES22Criticisms of Broken Windows24Breaking Windows and the Quality of Life25Policing the Community or Policing for the Community28Bibliography36CHAPTER THREE: THE IMPACT OF BROKEN WINDOW ON POLICE PRACTICES IN NEW YORK CITY38The Trends40The Constitutionality Challenge42The Cause?43Bibliography45CHAPTER FOUR: ANALYTICAL METHODS47Analytical Methods49The Principal Component Analysis49The PCA Data and Procedures50The Data Envelopment Analysis52The Location53Bibliography54CHAPTER FIVE: ANALYTICAL RESULTS56The Principal Component Analysis Dimension Extraction Results56PCA Regression Results for 201257PCA Regression Results for 201459The Data Envelopment Analysis Results60Group Efficiency Results60Borough Level Efficiency63The Best and the Worst Precincts63CHAPTER 6: DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION65Discussion66Stop-and-Frisk Environments68Stop-and-Fisk Efficiency71Conclusion72Bibliography75Index76