Introduction to Demographic Analysis: Principles and Methods

1 Basic Principles of Cohort Analysis.- 1.1. Fundamental Concepts.- 1.1.1. Event-Origin; Cohort.- 1.1.2. Bounds.- 1.1.3. Time References.- 1.1.4. Lexis Diagram.- 1.1.5. Durations.- 1.1.6. Related Problems.- 1.1.7. Examples.- 1.1.7.1. Lexis Diagram.- 1.1.7.2. Types of Ages.- 1.2. Basic Principles in the Absence of Disturbances.- 1.2.1. Renewable Events.- 1.2.1.1. Introduction.- 1.2.1.2. Average Intensity and Average Duration.- 1.2.1.3. Reduced Events.- 1.2.2. Nonrenewable Events.- 1.2.2.1. Introduction.- 1.2.2.2. Average Intensity.- 1.2.2.3. Average Duration.- 1.2.3. Other Characteristics.- 1.2.4. Probability of Attrition.- 1.2.5. Attrition Table.- 1.2.6. Probabilities between Completed Durations.- 1.2.7. Exposure Rates.- 1.2.8. Relations between Exposure Rates and Attrition Probabilities.- 1.2.9. Final Comments.- 1.2.10. Examples.- 1.2.10.1. A Cohort without Disturbances.- 1.2.10.2. Relations between Rates and Probabilities.- 1.3. Basic Principles in the Presence of Disturbances.- 1.3.1. Types of Demographic Processes.- 1.3.2. Absence of Population Exclusion.- 1.3.2.1. Renewable Events.- 1.3.2.2. Nonrenewable Events.- 1.3.2.3. Use of Census-Type Data.- 1.3.3. Phenomena Excluding Population from Observation.- 1.3.4. Final Comments.- 1.3.5. Examples.- 1.3.5.1. Attrition Probabilities.- 1.3.5.2. Exposure Rates.- 1.3.5.3. Reduced Events.- 1.3.5.4. Comparison of Results.- 1.4. References and Supplementary Bibliography.- 2 Basic Principles of Period Analysis.- 2.1. The Double Purpose of Period Analysis.- 2.1.1. Population Structures.- 2.1.2. Standardization and Translation.- 2.2. The Standardization Approach and the Problem of Summary Indexes.- 2.2.1. Direct Standardization.- 2.2.2. Frequency Averaging.- 2.2.3. Principal Components Analysis.- 2.2.4. Crude Rates; Indirect Standardization.- 2.2.5. Double Standardization Techniques.- 2.3. The Translation Approach.- 2.3.1. The Fictitious Cohort Method.- 2.3.2. Distributional Distortion and Translation Models.- 2.3.3. The Identification Problem.- 2.4. Population Structures and Movement.- 2.4.1. Generalized Period Frequencies.- 2.4.2. Period Frequencies, Rates, and Reduced Events.- 2.5. Examples.- 2.5.1. Types of Rates.- 2.5.2. The Problem of Summary Indexes.- 2.5.3. Direct Standardization.- 2.5.4. Indirect Standardization.- 2.5.5. Distributional Distortion.- 2.5.6. The Population Pyramid.- 2.6. References and Supplementary Bibliography.- 3 The Analysis of Mortality.- 3.1. Infant Mortality.- 3.1.1. The Infant Mortality "Rate".- 3.1.2. Endogenous and Exogenous Infant Mortality.....- 3.1.3. Examples.- 3.1.3.1. Types of Infant Mortality "Rates".- 3.1.3.2. Endogenous and Exogenous Infant Mortality.- 3.2. Period Measures of Mortality.- 3.2.1. The Standardization Approach.- 3.2.1.1. Crude Death "Rate".- 3.2.1.2. Age-Sex-Specific Period Frequencies or Rates.- 3.2.1.3. Death Rates by Age Groups.- 3.2.1.4. Standardized Death Rates.- 3.2.1.5. Examples.- 3.2.2. The Translation Approach: The Period Life Table.- 3.2.2.1. The Life-Table Functions.- 3.2.2.2. Life-Table Functions for the Last Age Interval.- 3.2.2.3. Mortality by Cause of Death.- 3.2.2.4. Abridged Life Tables.- 3.2.2.5. Model Life Tables.- 3.2.2.6. Examples.- 3.3. Some Comments on Cohort Measures of Mortality.- 3.4. References and Supplementary Bibliography.- 4 The Analysis of Nuptiality.- 4.1. Analysis Based on Statistics of Population Change.- 4.1.1. Period Analysis.- 4.1.1.1. Standardization.- 4.1.1.2. Translation.- 4.1.2. Cohort Analysis.- 4.1.2.1. FirstMarriage.- 4.1.2.2. Marriage Dissolution and Remarriage.- 4.1.3. Examples.- 4.1.3.1. The Period First Marriage Table.- 4.1.3.2. Period Reduced First Marriages.- 4.1.3.3. Average Number of Divorces per Couple.- 4.2. Analysis Based on Census-Type Data.- 4.2.1. Use of Retrospective Questions.- 4.2.2. Use of Population Structures by Marital Status.- 4.2.2.1. Proportions of Never-Married Persons.- 4.2.2.2. Proportions of Ever-Married Persons.- 4.2.3. Example.- 4.3. The "Marriage Market" Pr