Crazy Talk: A Study of the Discourse of Schizophrenic Speakers

1 Thought Disorder and Language Use in Schizophrenia.- I. Discourse Failures and the Schizophrenic Speaker.- A. "Schizophrenia" and Discourse Failures.- B. Defining "Thought Disorder".- C. "Thought Disorder" and Schizophrenia.- II. Studies of Language Use in Schizophrenia and Their Premises.- A. The Reviewers.- B. Studies of Language Use in Schizophrenia: The Early Premises.- C. Experimental Studies and Their Premises.- D. Naturalistic Studies and Their Premises.- III. The Study of the Schizophrenic Speaker in Light of Prior Work.- A. Three Issues.- B. The Common Problems.- IV. A Final Comment.- A. Goals.- B. Two Caveats.- 2 Procedures.- I. Introduction.- II. Describing the Sample.- A. Speakers.- B. Speech Contexts.- III. Preliminary Analyses.- A. Statistical Procedures.- B. Description of the Samples.- C. Discussion.- 3 Cohesion.- I. Introduction.- A. The Place of Cohesion in Halliday's Linguistic System.- B. Categories of Cohesive Ties.- C. The Advantages of Cohesion Analysis.- D. The Disadvantages of Cohesion Analysis.- II. Cohesion Procedure.- A. Data Base.- B. Coding Cohesion.- C. Reliability of Coding Cohesion.- III. Results.- A. Total Cohesive Ties.- B. Amount of Cohesion.- C. Distribution of Cohesive Ties.- D. Summary.- IV. Discussion.- A. Context Effects.- B. Group Effects.- C. Lexical Factors in the Interviews of TD and NTD Speakers.- D. High Lexical Cohesion as Evidence of Dysfunction.- E. Summary.- 4 Reference as a Speech Art.- I. Reference and Phoricity.- A. An Introduction.- B. Some Key Distinctions.- II. Procedures.- A. Basic Unit of Analysis.- B. Reliabilities.- C. The Reference Network.- III. Analyses of Nominal Group Structure.- A. The Complexity of Nominal Groups.- B. Rank-Shifting over All Nominal Groups.- C. Cartoon Contexts.- D. Rank-Shifting in the Presentation of Information.- IV. Discussion of Complexity in Nominal Groups.- 5 Presenting Information in Texts.- I. Introduction.- A. Nonphoric Reference.- B. Procedures.- II. General Reference.- A. Analyses.- B. Discussion of Generic Reference.- C. Summary of General Reference Analyses.- III. Presenting Participants in the Text.- A. Analyses.- B. Discussion.- C. Summary:.- 6 Presuming Information from the Culture and from the Situation.- I. Text and Context.- II. Presuming the Context of Culture.- A. Unique and Homophoric Reference.- B. Analysis.- C. Discussion.- D. Summary.- III. Presuming the Situational Context.- A. Introduction.- B. Psychological Processes in the Use of Definite Reference.- C. Analyses.- D. Retrieval Analyses.- E. Discussion of Retrieval Analyses.- F. Summary.- 7 The Discourse of Schizophrenic Speakers: A Discussion.- I. Introduction.- II. Discriminating among the Groups of Speakers.- III. Implications of the Results for the Language Abilities of Schizophrenic Speakers.- A. Depth of Processing and the TD Speaker.- B. Stratal Slips.- C. Evidence for Stratal Slips.- IV. Some Hypotheses to Account for Discourse Failure.- A. Language versus Thought as the Essential Problem in "Thought Disorder".- B. Evidence of Lateralized Dysfunction in Schizophrenia.- C. "Thought Disorder" and the Diagnosis of Schizophrenia.- D. Summary.- Appendix 1.- Appendix 2.- References.