Optical Channels: Fibers, Clouds, Water, and the Atmosphere

1. Introduction.- 2. Coherence Theory and Random Channels.- 3. Optical Receivers.- 4. The Fiber Optic Channel.- 5. The Turbulence Channel.- 6. The Optical Scatter Channel and Its Properties.- 7. Mathematical Models for Energy Propagation in the Optical Scatter Channel.- Appendix A. Generalized Radiometry.- A.1. The Generalized Radiance.- A.2. The Mutual Radiance.- A.3. The Generalized Radiant Emittance.- A.4. The Generalized Radiant Intensity.- References.- Appendix B. Transport Theory.- B.1. Heuristic Derivation of the Radiative Transport Equation.- B.2. Radiative Transfer Theory in the Small-Angle Scattering Limit.- B.3. Derivation of the Small-Angle Transport Equation from Parabolic Wave Optics Theory.- Appendix C. Solution of the Small-Angle Transport Equation for the Generalized Radiance and the Mutual Coherence Function.- Appendix D. Power Flow in Fibers.- Appendix E. Optical and Physical Thickness Relations for Clouds at Various Locations on the Earth.- Appendix F. Atmospheric Optical Loss Model.