Urbanisation and Crime in Nigeria

-Preface and Acknowledgement-Foreword-List of Figures-List of Tables-List of Abbreviations
1.Introduction1.1.Overview of the Book1.2.Why this Book Was Written1.3.Who Should Read this Book1.4.A Note on Sources1.5.Structure of the Book
2.Nigeria's Urbanisation History, Trends, Drivers and Implications2.1.Urban Settlements and Urbanisation: Conceptual Clarification2.2.Brief Historical Context of Urbanisation in Nigeria2.3.Urban Data, Trends and Scale of Contemporary Urbanisation2.3.1.GRUMP Dataset2.3.2.WorldPop Dataset2.3.3.Africapolis Dataset2.3.4.United Nations World Urbanisation Prospects2.3.5.Urbanisation Trends2.3.6.Density and Expansion of Urban Frontiers2.4.What is Driving Urbanisation in Nigeria?2.5.Cities as Forces of Transformation2.6.A Diagnosis of Challenges Confronting Nigerian Cities and Urban Dwellers2.7.Urbanisation and the Crime Challenge
3.The Criminal Justice System: Actors, Processes and Policies3.1. The Colonial Foundations of the Nigerian Criminal Justice System3.2.Legal Frameworks for Criminal Proceedings in Nigeria3.2.1.Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, 19993.2.2.Criminal Procedure Act (CPA) and Criminal Procedure Laws of the Various States of the Federation3.2.3.Criminal Procedure Code (CPC) and Criminal Procedure Code Laws of the Various States3.2.4.Criminal Procedure Code Act Cap 491, Laws of the Federation of Nigeria 19903.2.5.Criminal Code Act Cap C 38 Laws of the Federation 2004 and Criminal Code Laws of the Southern States3.2.6.Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (Establishment) Act, 20043.2.7.Recovery of Public Property (Special Provisions) Act3.2.8.Police Act Cap P19 Laws of the Federation of Nigeria 20043.2.9.Public Order Act (Cap P42) Laws of the Federation of Nigeria, 20043.2.10.Terrorism (Prevention) Act No. 10, 2011 and Terrorism (Prevention) (Amendment) Act, 20133.2.11.Money Laundering (Prohibition) Act 2011 and Money Laundering (Prohibition) (Amendment) Act 20123.2.12.Cyber Crimes (Prohibition and Prevention) Act3.2.13.Other Ancillary Frameworks3.2.14.Administration of Criminal Justice Act 20153.3.Systemic Indices of Failure3.3.1.Failure of Governance3.3.2.Lack of Public Confidence in the Police and Justice System3.3.3.Weak Enforcement of the Administration of Criminal Justice Act (ACJA)3.3.4.Connivance of State Security Actors with Vandals3.3.5.Inter-Agency Rivalry among Internal Security Institutions in Nigeria3.4.Impact of the Criminal Justice System on Security
4.Applicability of Traditional Environmental Criminological Theories in Developing Country Contexts4.1. Theories and their Usefulness for Studying Urban Crime4.2. Overview of Environmental Criminology Theories4.2.1.Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED)4.2.2.Crime Opportunity Theory4.2.3.Routine Activity Theory4.2.4.Crime Pattern Theory4.2.5.Broken Windows Theory4.2.6.Rational Choice Theory4.3.Using Theories and Empirical Frameworks to Support Evidence-Based Security Decision-Making4.4.Reflections: The Case for a New Wave of African Urban Ecological Theories of Crime
5.A Framework for Inter-City Comparative Analysis of Crime5.1. Arguments in Support of Empirical Inter-City Comparative Analysis of Crime5.2. Crime Frequency5.2.1.Volume of Urban Crime5.2.2.Prevalence of Urban Crime5.2.3.Incidence of Urban Crime5.3.Concentration of Crime5.3.1.Urban Crime Concentration among Victims5.3.2.Urban Crime Concentration at Places5.4. Fear of Crime5.5. Crime Specialisation  5.6. Crime Trends5.7. Drivers of Crime5.8. Impact of Crime
6.Contemporary Configuration of Crime across Nigerian Cities6.1. Sources of Crime Data in Nigeria6.2. Urban Crime Morphology and Mapping6.3. Pervasiveness of Crime and Collective Perception6.4. Spatial and Temporal Structure of Violent Crimes6.5. Spatial and Temporal Structure of Property Crimes6.6. Spatial and Temporal Structure of Serious Sexual Offences
7.Crime Precipitators 7.1. Deprivation and Social Polarisation7.2. Migration and Unemployment7.3. Proliferation of Shanty Settlements, Demolition and Displacement7.4. Social Exclusion and Poor Community Networking7.5. Weakened Family Structure and Breakdown of Value Systems7.6. Hate Speeches, Radicalisation and Violent Extremism 7.7. Population Growth 7.8. Increasing Wave of White Collar Criminals in Public Service7.9. Uncontrolled Street Trading6.10. Drug Abuse6.11. Small Arms and Light Weapons Trafficking6.12. Incessant Political Violence6.13. Agitation for Environmental Justice
8.Urban Crime Harm8.1. Concept and Classification of the Cost of Crime8.2. Crime Harm: A Different Approach to Evaluating the Repercussions of Crime8.3. Why Does Harm Matter?8.4. Modelling Urban Crime Harm in Nigeria8.5. Variations in the Distribution of Crime Harm in Nigeria
9.Urban Crime Prevention and Control9.1.Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED)9.1.1.Territorial Behaviour Strategy9.1.2.Surveillance Strategy9.1.3.Lighting Strategy9.1.4.Security Barriers9.1.5.Landscaping9.1.6.Activity Support9.1.7.Situational Crime Prevention9.2.Co-opted Community Policing9.3.State-sponsored Community Policing9.3.1.Yobe Peace Group9.3.2.Civilian Joint Task Force (CJTF)9.3.3.Ibn Fadlallah Vigilante Group9.4.Joint Patrol System among Security Forces9.5.Establishment of Neighbourhood Safety Corps (NSC)9.6.Enactment of Anti-kidnapping Legislation9.7.Community Organising9.8.Voluntary Sector Participation9.9.Community Crime Prevention Approach9.10. Amnesty Programme
10.Conclusion10.1. Summary of Stylised Facts10.2. Nexus with Theory10.3. Protecting our Cities10.3.1.Data10.3.2.Promoting Evidence-Based Practice in Urban Policing10.3.3.Improving Public Confidence in Law Enforcement Organisations10.3.4.Corruption10.3.5.Menace of Kidnapping10.3.6.Young People10.3.7.Urban Poor10.3.8.Civilian Security Platforms10.3.9.Digitisation and Speedy Prosecution of Criminal Trials